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Appl Environ Microbiol. 1971 April; 21(4): 726-731
Copyright © 1971 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Prophage Induction in Lysogenic Escherichia coli with Simple Hydroxylamine and Hydrazine Compounds

Research Division, Bristol Laboratories, Division of Bristol-Myers Co., Syracuse, New York 13201

ABSTRACT

The prophage-inducing capability of hydroxylamine sulfate and 36 of its derivatives, and of hydrazine dihydrochloride and dihydrazine sulfate and 43 of their derivatives, was determined in Escherichia coli W1709 (). Maximal nontoxic concentrations up to 1 mg/ml were tested. Hydroxylamine sulfate was active at 2.5 µg/ml and the following 17 derivatives were active at concentrations ranging up to 500 µg/ml: -naphthylhydroxylamine, N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene, oxamyl hydroxamic acid, O-carbamoyl hydroxylamine (isohydroxyurea), N-hydroxyurethane, N-methylhydroxylamine HCl, salicylhydroxamic acid, oxalohydroxamic acid, methoxyamine HCl, ethoxyamine HCl, N, N-diethylhydroxylamine oxalate, formaldoxime, formamidoxime, acetohydroxamic acid, acetaldoxime, acetone oxime, and hydroxyguanidine sulfate. Hydrazine dihydrochloride and dihydrazine sulfate were effective inducers at 5.0 and 2.5 µg/ml, respectively, and the following nine derivatives of them were active at concentrations ranging up to 500 µg/ml: phthalic acid hydrazide, phenylhydrazine HCl, p-nitrophenylhydrazine, p-chlorophenylhydrazine HCl, formylhydrazine, carbohydrazide, semicarbazide HCl, 1-methyl-1-phenyl-hydrazine sulfate, and acetic acid hydrazide. Nineteen hydroxylamine and 34 hydrazine derivatives were ineffective as inducers. Application of the prophage-induction system as a tool for detection of responsive hydroxylamino and hydrazino compounds which may be potential toxicological hazards in the environment is discussed.