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Appl Environ Microbiol. 1972 January; 23(1): 98-103
Copyright © 1972 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Passive Hemagglutination-Inhibition Test for Typing Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus¹

^a Plum Island Animal Disease Laboratory, Veterinary Sciences Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York 11944

ABSTRACT

In addition to currently used serological tests for the occurrence of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a specific "passive" hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) test has been developed as a supplement. Serial twofold dilutions of antiserum (0.05 ml) were mixed with 0.05 ml of a constant concentration of FMDV. After incubating for 30 min at 37 C, agglutinating antibodies were determined by adding 0.1 ml of 2.5% virus-sensitized erythrocytes. The minimum concentration of antiserum required to agglutinate the erythrocytes defined the inhibition in the HAI test. Similar tests using different concentrations of virus to inhibit antibodies were carried out in parallel fashion. The relationship between the logarithm of the HAI titer and the concentration of inhibiting virus was nearly first order (P > 0.25). The slope was used as a measure of the relative specificities of the antigen-antibody interaction and was independent of concentration. The HAI test was type-, subtype-, strain-, and variant-specific with the viral antigens used. In particular, typing was performed directly on bovine antisera.

² Sponsored by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Japan. Present address: Hokkaido Branch Laboratory, National Institute of Animal Health, Sapporo, Japan.

¹ Presented in part at the 71st Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Minneapolis, Minn., May 1971.