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Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 February; 37(2): 283-288

Monensin and Dichloroacetamide Influences on Methane and Volatile Fatty Acid Production by Rumen Bacteria In Vitro

Science and Education Administration, Agricultural Research, Animal Physiology and Genetics Institute, Feed Energy Conservation Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705

ABSTRACT

The effect of monensin (0 or 33 µg/g of diet) upon rumen fermentation in the presence and absence of methanogenesis was determined in vitro by using mixed rumen organisms continuously cultured for 17 days. Methane was inhibited by dichloroacetamide (DCA; 32 mg/day) or by a pH of 5.1. Monensin effected a significant decrease in the ratio of acetic to propionic acid in the presence or absence of methanogenesis. In the absence of methanogenesis, the decrease in the ratio of acetic to propionic acid was entirely the result of increased propionic acid, whereas in the presence of methanogenesis the decrease in the ratio was the result of a combination of decreased acetic acid and increased propionic acid. There was a complementary interaction between monensin and DCA on volatile fatty acid production (expressed as millimoles of carbon per day). Addition of monensin to DCA-treated cultures resulted in the production of more acid; however, monensin and DCA had no beneficial effect on total carbon formed as acid and gases as compared with nonsupplemented control cultures. The monensin and DCA also resulted in greater digestion of neutral detergent fiber and less accumulation of formic acid and hydrogen as end products than did DCA alone. L-Lactic acid was produced in small but significantly greater amounts by the low-pH cultures, which also had less volatile fatty acid carbon formed from the fiber fraction of the forage supplied.