This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Reprints and Permissions Copyright Information Books from ASM Press MicrobeWorld Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Siegel, L S Articles by Metzger, J F Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Siegel, L S Articles by Metzger, J F Agricola Articles by Siegel, L S Articles by Metzger, J F

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 October; 38(4): 606-611

Toxin production by Clostridium botulinum type A under various fermentation conditions.

ABSTRACT

The time of appearance and the quantity of toxin produced by the Hall strain of Clostridium botulinum type A were examined under various conditions. A 70-liter fermentor and a complex medium consisting of 2% casein hydrolysate and 1% yeast extract plus an appropriate concentration of glucose were employed. Optimal conditions for toxin production were as follows: a nitrogen overlay at a rate of 5 liters/min, an agitation rate of 50 rpm, a temperature of 35 degrees C, and an initial glucose concentration of 1.0% with the pH uncontrolled. Under these conditions, the maximum toxin concentration (6.3 x 10(5) mouse median lethal doses/ml) was attained within 24 h. Cell lysis was apparently not required to obtain maximum toxin concentrations under the fermentation conditions described.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Chen, S., Hall, C., Barbieri, J. T. (2008). Substrate Recognition of VAMP-2 by Botulinum Neurotoxin B and Tetanus Neurotoxin. J. Biol. Chem. 283: 21153-21159 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Chen, S., Barbieri, J. T. (2006). Unique Substrate Recognition by Botulinum Neurotoxins Serotypes A and E. J. Biol. Chem. 281: 10906-10911 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Couesnon, A., Raffestin, S., Popoff, M. R. (2006). Expression of botulinum neurotoxins A and E, and associated non-toxin genes, during the transition phase and stability at high temperature: analysis by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR.. Microbiology 152: 759-770 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lovenklev, M., Holst, E., Borch, E., Radstrom, P. (2004). Relative Neurotoxin Gene Expression in Clostridium botulinum Type B, Determined Using Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 2919-2927 [Abstract] [Full Text]