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Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 February; 49(2): 365-369
Copyright © 1985, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Flocculation Effects on Bound Water in Sludges as Measured by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

² Department of Civil Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711,¹ and Hercules, Inc., Wilmington, Delaware 19801²

ABSTRACT

Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation times (T₁ and T₂) were measured for flocculated and unflocculated samples of activated sludge. The weight of water and solids in the sludge samples was found and related to T₁ to find the relative percentage of bound water. The results suggest that the amount of bound water increases as the samples become more unflocculated. The values of T₁ and T₂ also indicate that unflocculated individual particles are characterized by loose packing of shorter molecules and that the addition of larger molecules may induce flocculation.

^* Corresponding author.