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Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 December; 53(12): 2793-2799
Copyright © 1987, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Identification and Characterization of Rhizosphere-Competent Bacteria of Wheat

M. Elliott Juhnke^,*, D. E. Mathre and D. C. Sands

Department of Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717

ABSTRACT

To obtain rhizosphere-competent bacteria which could subsequently be modified for the development of biological control agents, bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of wheat and barley plants by standard techniques. Of these isolates, 60 were selected for field testing as spring wheat seed inoculants in 1985. Isolates were marked genetically for resistance to antibiotics via selection of spontaneous mutants to detect and monitor isolates in the field. Forty-three days after planting, the average log₁₀ CFU/mg (dry weight) of roots and rhizosphere soil for the mutant isolates sampled ranged from 0 to 3.4. Twenty mutant isolates were retested in 1986. A total of 4 isolates were not detected, but the other 16 had an average root colonization value of log₁₀ 2.1 CFU and a range of log₁₀ 0.9 CFU to log₁₀ 3.2 CFU when sampled 32 days after planting. The average colonization value dropped to log₁₀ 1.1 CFU 51 days later. Some isolates detected previously were not detected in the second sampling; others had root colonization values similar to those obtained in the first sampling. Mutant isolates of rhizosphere bacteria included Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Streptomyces spp., Xanthomonas maltophilia, and a saprophytic coryneform. Mixtures of isolates from different genera and species were compatible on seeds and roots.

^* Corresponding author.

Present address: University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314.

Contribution no. J-2006 from the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station.

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