This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Reprints and Permissions Copyright Information Books from ASM Press MicrobeWorld Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Haigler, B E Articles by Spain, J C Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Haigler, B E Articles by Spain, J C Agricola Articles by Haigler, B E Articles by Spain, J C

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Appl Environ Microbiol. 1993 July; 59(7): 2239-2243

Biodegradation of 4-nitrotoluene by Pseudomonas sp. strain 4NT.

AL/EQ-OL, Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida 32403-5319.

ABSTRACT

A strain of Pseudomonas spp. was isolated from nitrobenzene-contaminated soil on 4-nitrotoluene as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. The organism also grew on 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, and 4-nitrobenzoate. 4-Nitrobenzoate and ammonia were detected in the culture fluid of glucose-grown cells after induction with 4-nitrotoluene. Washed suspensions of 4-nitrotoluene- or 4-nitrobenzoate-grown cells oxidized 4-nitrotoluene, 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol, and protocatechuate. Extracts from induced cells contained 4-nitrobenzaldehyde dehydrogenase, 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase, and protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase activities. Under anaerobic conditions, cell extracts converted 4-nitrobenzoate or 4-hydroxylaminobenzoate to protocatechuate. Conversion of 4-nitrobenzoate to protocatechuate required NADPH. These results indicate that 4-nitrotoluene was degraded by an initial oxidation of the methyl group to form 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol, which was converted to 4-nitrobenzoate via 4-nitrobenzaldehyde. The 4-nitrobenzoate was reduced to 4-hydroxylaminobenzoate, which was converted to protocatechuate. A protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase catalyzed meta-ring fission of the protocatechuate. The detection of 4-nitrobenzaldehyde and 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase and 4-nitrotoluene oxygenase activities in 4-nitrobenzoate-grown cells suggests that 4-nitrobenzoate is an inducer of the 4-nitrotoluene degradative pathway.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Caballero, A., Esteve-Nunez, A., Zylstra, G. J., Ramos, J. L. (2005). Assimilation of Nitrogen from Nitrite and Trinitrotoluene in Pseudomonas putida JLR11. J. Bacteriol. 187: 396-399 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Parales, R. E. (2004). Nitrobenzoates and Aminobenzoates Are Chemoattractants for Pseudomonas Strains. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 285-292 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Lessner, D. J., Parales, R. E., Narayan, S., Gibson, D. T. (2003). Expression of the Nitroarene Dioxygenase Genes in Comamonas sp. Strain JS765 and Acidovorax sp. Strain JS42 Is Induced by Multiple Aromatic Compounds. J. Bacteriol. 185: 3895-3904 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Nadeau, L. J., He, Z., Spain, J. C. (2003). Bacterial Conversion of Hydroxylamino Aromatic Compounds by both Lyase and Mutase Enzymes Involves Intramolecular Transfer of Hydroxyl Groups. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 2786-2793 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hughes, M. A., Baggs, M. J., al-Dulayymi, J.'a, Baird, M. S., Williams, P. A. (2002). Accumulation of 2-Aminophenoxazin-3-one-7-Carboxylate during Growth of Pseudomonas putida TW3 on 4-Nitro-Substituted Substrates Requires 4-Hydroxylaminobenzoate Lyase (PnbB). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 4965-4970 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Johnson, G. R., Smets, B. F., Spain, J. C. (2001). Oxidative Transformation of Aminodinitrotoluene Isomers by Multicomponent Dioxygenases. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 5460-5466 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Esteve-Nunez, A., Caballero, A., Ramos, J. L. (2001). Biological Degradation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 65: 335-352 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhao, J.-S., Ward, O. P. (2001). Substrate Selectivity of a 3-Nitrophenol-Induced Metabolic System in Pseudomonas putida 2NP8 Transforming Nitroaromatic Compounds into Ammonia under Aerobic Conditions. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 1388-1391 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Hughes, M. A., Williams, P. A. (2001). Cloning and Characterization of the pnb Genes, Encoding Enzymes for 4-Nitrobenzoate Catabolism in Pseudomonas putida TW3. J. Bacteriol. 183: 1225-1232 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• He, Z., Spain, J. C. (2000). Reactions Involved in the Lower Pathway for Degradation of 4-Nitrotoluene by Mycobacterium Strain HL 4-NT-1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 3010-3015 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Zhao, J.-S., Singh, A., Huang, X.-D., Ward, O. P. (2000). Biotransformation of Hydroxylaminobenzene and Aminophenol by Pseudomonas putida 2NP8 Cells Grown in the Presence of 3-Nitrophenol. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 2336-2342 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• James, K. D., Hughes, M. A., Williams, P. A. (2000). Cloning and Expression of ntnD, Encoding a Novel NAD(P)+-Independent 4-Nitrobenzyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas sp. Strain TW3. J. Bacteriol. 182: 3136-3141 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schenzle, A., Lenke, H., Spain, J. C., Knackmuss, H.-J. (1999). Chemoselective Nitro Group Reduction and Reductive Dechlorination Initiate Degradation of 2-Chloro-5-Nitrophenol by Ralstonia eutropha JMP134. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 2317-2323 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Park, H.-S., Lim, S.-J., Chang, Y. K., Livingston, A. G., Kim, H.-S. (1999). Degradation of Chloronitrobenzenes by a Coculture of Pseudomonas putida and a Rhodococcus sp.. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65: 1083-1091 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Schenzle, A., Lenke, H., Spain, J. C., Knackmuss, H.-J. (1999). 3-Hydroxylaminophenol Mutase from Ralstonia eutropha JMP134 Catalyzes a Bamberger Rearrangement. J. Bacteriol. 181: 1444-1450 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• James, K. D., Williams, P. A. (1998). ntn Genes Determining the Early Steps in the Divergent Catabolism of 4-Nitrotoluene and Toluene in Pseudomonas sp. Strain TW3. J. Bacteriol. 180: 2043-2049 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Spiess, T., Desiere, F., Fischer, P., Spain, J. C., Knackmuss, H.-J., Lenke, H. (1998). A New 4-Nitrotoluene Degradation Pathway in a Mycobacterium Strain. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 446-452 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vorbeck, C., Lenke, H., Fischer, P., Spain, J. C., Knackmuss, H.-J. (1998). Initial Reductive Reactions in Aerobic Microbial Metabolism of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64: 246-252 [Abstract] [Full Text]