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Appl Environ Microbiol. 1994 March; 60(3): 826-830
Copyright © 1994, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Field Evaluation of Two Colorimetric Coliphage Detection Methods

¹ Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
² Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061

ABSTRACT

Two new methods for coliphage detection, a colorimetric agar-based (CAB) method and a liquid colorimetric presence-absence (LCPA) method, were compared to the coliphage method proposed by the American Public Health Association (APHA; Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C., 1992). Both new methods are based on the induction of ß-galactosidase in Escherichia coli and the release of the enzyme through a lytic cell infection. The released enzyme then cleaves a chromogenic substrate which produces a colored reaction product. Ninety split water samples from four different sources were tested. A total of 52 samples were positive by the CAB method, 52 were positive by the LCPA method, and 53 were positive by the APHA method. Results indicated that (i) the CAB and LCPA methods were as sensitive in coliphage detection as the APHA method, (ii) both the CAB and LCPA methods were easier to read and interpret than the APHA method, and (iii) the CAB method detected more coliphages in a positive sample than the APHA method in two of the four types of water sources. Importantly, the rapid and simple LCPA method was as reliable and sensitive as either of the two agar-based methods in coliphage detection.

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268. Phone: (513) 569-7387. Fax: (513) 569-7170.