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Appl. Environ. Microbiol., Jan 1996, 105-108, Vol 62, No. 1
Copyright © 1996, American Society for Microbiology

In Vivo Production, Stabilization, and Infectivity of Baculovirus Preoccluded Virions

PR Hughes and HA Wood
Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853

Wild-type and polyhedrin-negative isolates of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus were replicated in fifth-instar Trichoplusia ni larvae. Insect tissues infected with wild-type virus contained two types of virions that are highly infectious when ingested, those occluded in polyhedra and preoccluded virions. Tissue infected with the polyhedrin-negative virus contained only preoccluded virions. The relative potencies of the two types of infected tissue were determined by dose-mortality bioassays by using the neonate droplet feeding procedure. On a fresh weight basis, preparations of tissues infected with the polyhedrin-negative virus were approximately four times more potent than equivalent preparations of tissue infected with wild-type virus. Approximately half of the observed potency of the wild-type-virus preparations was due to polyhedra, and the remaining activity was due to preoccluded virions present in the tissue. The potency of the polyhedrin-negative preparations was not reduced significantly by lyophilization. The polyhedrin-negative isolate produced about 60% more infectious virus per unit of larval weight than did the wild-type isolate. The ability to produce large amounts of high-potency viral preparations in larvae and the convenience of being able to lyophilize the preparations for long-term storage shows promise for the use of preoccluded virus preparations as biopesticides.