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Appl. Environ. Microbiol., Aug 1997, 3090-3095, Vol 63, No. 8
Copyright © 1997, American Society for Microbiology

Ether Lipids of Planktonic Archaea in the Marine Water Column

MJL Hoefs, S Schouten, JW De Leeuw, LL King, SG Wakeham and JSS Damste
Institute of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TA Utrecht, and Division of Marine Biogeochemistry and Toxicology, Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 1797 SZ 't Horatje, Texel, The Netherlands, and Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, Savannah, Georgia 31411

Acyclic and cyclic biphytanes derived from the membrane ether lipids of archaea were found in water column particulate and sedimentary organic matter from several oxic and anoxic marine environments. Compound-specific isotope analyses of the carbon skeletons suggest that planktonic archaea utilize an isotopically heavy carbon source such as algal carbohydrates and proteins or dissolved bicarbonate. Due to their high preservation potential, these lipids provide a fossil record of planktonic archaea and suggest that they have thrived in marine environments for more than 50 million years.

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