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Appl Environ Microbiol, January 1998, p. 273-278, Vol. 64, No. 1
Department of Microbiology and Cell Science,
University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0700
Received 11 August 1997/Accepted 23 October 1997
Penicillium fellutanum is osmotolerant and xerotolerant
when cultured in a low-phosphate medium containing 3 M NaCl. Glycerol and erythritol accumulated in cultures with NaCl concentrations up to 2 M; glycerol was the only detectable polyol in cultures containing 3 M
NaCl. In cultures with 3 M NaCl, the intracellular levels of glycine
betaine and choline-O-sulfate were 22- and 2.6-fold greater
(70 and 46 mM), respectively, than those of cultures without added
NaCl. The levels of glycine betaine and glycerol decreased in mycelia
transferred from a medium containing 3 M NaCl into a fresh medium
without added NaCl. NaCl at 3 M inhibited mycelial mass accumulation;
this inhibition was partially corrected by supplementation of cultures
with glycine betaine (2 mM) or choline-O-sulfate (10 mM).
The presence of exogenous choline chloride (2 mM) in plate cultures
protected the cells from stress from 3 M NaCl. The data suggest that
glycine betaine and choline-O-sulfate are secondary
osmoprotectants which are effective at the point that the cell is
incapable of synthesizing more glycerol.
0099-2240/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Choline Derivatives Involved in Osmotolerance of
Penicillium fellutanum
and
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of
Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Bldg. 981, Gainesville, FL 32611-0700. Phone: (352) 392-0384. Fax: (352) 392-5922. E-mail: john{at}micro.ifas.ufl.edu.
Journal Series No. RO5664 of the Florida Agricultural Experiment
Station.
Present address: Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, MD 21218-2699.
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