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Appl Environ Microbiol, January 1998, p. 304-309, Vol. 64, No. 1
0099-2240/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Role of the Air-Water-Solid Interface in Bacteriophage Sorption Experiments

Shawn S. Thompson, Markus Flury,dagger Marylynn V. Yates,* and William A. Jury

Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521

Received 27 June 1997/Accepted 30 October 1997

Batch sorption experiments were carried out with the bacteriophages MS2 and phi X174. Two types of reactor vessels, polypropylene and glass, were used. Consistently lower concentrations of MS2 were found in the liquid phase in the absence of soil (control blanks) than in the presence of soil after mixing. High levels of MS2 inactivation (~99.9%) were observed in control tubes made of polypropylene (PP), with comparatively little loss of virus seen in PP tubes when soil was present. Minimal inactivation of MS2 was observed when the air-water interface was completely eliminated from PP control blanks during mixing. All batch experiments performed with reactor tubes made of glass demonstrated no substantial inactivation of MS2. In similar experiments, bacteriophage phi X174 did not undergo inactivation in either PP or glass control blanks, implying that this virus is not affected by the same factors which led to inactivation of MS2 in the PP control tubes. When possible, phage adsorption to soil was calculated by the Freundlich isotherm. Our data suggest that forces associated with the air-water-solid interface (where the solid is a hydrophobic surface) are responsible for inactivation of MS2 in the PP control tubes. The influence of air-water interfacial forces should be carefully considered when batch sorption experiments are conducted with certain viruses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Dept. of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521. Phone: (909) 787-5488. Fax: (909) 787-3993. E-mail: marylynn.yates{at}ucr.edu.

dagger Present address: Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.




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