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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 1998, p. 3591-3598, Vol. 64, No. 10
0099-2240/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Effects of Temperature, Salinity, and Medium
Composition on Compatible Solute Accumulation by
Thermococcus spp.
Pedro
Lamosa,1
Lígia O.
Martins,1
Milton
S.
Da Costa,2 and
Helena
Santos1,*
Instituto de Tecnologia Química e
Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780 Oeiras,1 and
Departamento de
Bioquímica, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000 Coimbra,2 Portugal
Received 29 December 1997/Accepted 23 July 1998
The effects of salinity and growth temperature on the accumulation
of intracellular organic solutes were examined by nuclear magnetic
resonance spectroscopy (NMR) in Thermococcus litoralis, Thermococcus celer, Thermococcus stetteri, and
Thermococcus zilligii (strain AN1). In addition, the
effects of growth stage and composition of the medium were studied in
T. litoralis. A novel compound identified as
-galactopyranosyl-5-hydroxylysine was detected in T. litoralis grown on peptone-containing medium. Besides this newly
discovered compound, T. litoralis accumulated
mannosylglycerate, aspartate,
-glutamate,
di-myo-inositol-1,1'(3,3')-phosphate, hydroxyproline, and
trehalose. The hydroxyproline and
-galactopyranosyl-5-hydroxylysine were probably derived from peptone, while the trehalose was derived from yeast extract; none of these three compounds was detected in the
other Thermococcus strains examined.
Di-myo-inositol-1,1'(3,3')-phosphate, aspartate, and
mannosylglycerate were detected in T. celer and T. stetteri, and the latter organism also accumulated
-glutamate. The only nonmarine species studied, T. zilligii,
accumulated very low levels of
-glutamate and aspartate. The levels
of mannosylglycerate and aspartate increased in T. litoralis, T. celer, and T. stetteri in
response to salt stress, while
di-myo-inositol-1,1'(3,3')-phosphate was the major
intracellular solute at supraoptimal growth temperatures. The phase of
growth had a strong influence on the types and levels of compatible
solutes in T. litoralis; mannosylglycerate and aspartate were the major solutes during exponential growth, while
di-myo-inositol-1,1'(3,3')-phosphate was the predominant
organic solute during the stationary phase of growth. This work
revealed an unexpected ability of T. litoralis to scavenge
suitable components from the medium and to use them as compatible
solutes.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Instituto de
Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Apartado 127, 2780 Oeiras, Portugal. Phone: 351 1 4469828. Fax: 351 1 4428766. E-mail:
santos{at}itqb.unl.pt.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 1998, p. 3591-3598, Vol. 64, No. 10
0099-2240/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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