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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 1998, p. 4676-4682, Vol. 64, No. 12
0099-2240/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Heterogeneity among Isolates of Vibrio vulnificus Recovered from Eels (Anguilla anguilla) in Denmark

Lise Høi,1,* Inger Dalsgaard,2 Angelo DePaola,3 Ronald J. Siebeling,4 and Anders Dalsgaard1

Department of Veterinary Microbiology1 and Danish Institute for Fisheries Research,2 The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, Alabama3; and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana4

Received 29 June 1998/Accepted 11 September 1998

The findings of this study demonstrate that Vibrio vulnificus isolates recovered from diseased eels in Denmark are heterogeneous as shown by O serovars, capsule types, ribotyping, phage typing, and plasmid profiling. The study includes 85 V. vulnificus isolates isolated from the gills, intestinal contents, mucus, spleen, and kidneys of eels during five disease outbreaks on two Danish eel farms from 1995 to 1997, along with a collection of 12 V. vulnificus reference strains. The results showed that more than one serovar may be capable of causing disease in eels and that these isolates are genetically heterogenous as shown by ribotyping. Ribotyping also showed that the same isolates may persist in an eel farm and cause recurrent outbreaks. Phage typing did not correlate with ribotyping or serotyping. However, we observed that 26 of 28 isolates, which were not susceptible to any of the phages, showed the same ribotype, O serovar, and capsule type. This suggests that these isolates may possess features that make them resistant to lysis by the phages used in this study. Ninety-three of 97 isolates harbored between one and three high-molecular-weight plasmids which previously had been suggested to be associated with eel virulence. The subdivision of V. vulnificus into two biotypes based on the indole reaction can no longer be supported, since 82 of 97 isolates in this study were indole positive, and a subdivision into serovars appears to be more correct.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Stigbøljen 4, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Phone: 4535282704. Fax: 4535282711. E-mail: lih{at}kvl.dk.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 1998, p. 4676-4682, Vol. 64, No. 12
0099-2240/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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