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Appl Environ Microbiol, February 1998, p. 405-410, Vol. 64, No. 2
0099-2240/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Delineating the Specific Influence of Virus Isoelectric Point and Size on Virus Adsorption and Transport through Sandy Soils

Scot E. Dowd,1,dagger Suresh D. Pillai,1,* Sookyun Wang,2 and M. Yavuz Corapcioglu2

Environmental Science Program, Texas A&M University Research Center, El Paso, Texas 79927,1 and Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 778432

Received 5 May 1997/Accepted 16 October 1997

Many of the factors controlling viral transport and survival within the subsurface are still poorly understood. In order to identify the precise influence of viral isoelectric point on viral adsorption onto aquifer sediment material, we employed five different spherical bacteriophages (MS2, PRD1, Qbeta , phi X174, and PM2) having differing isoelectric points (pI 3.9, 4.2, 5.3, 6.6, and 7.3 respectively) in laboratory viral transport studies. We employed conventional batch flowthrough columns, as well as a novel continuously recirculating column, in these studies. In a 0.78-m batch flowthrough column, the smaller phages (MS2, phi X174, and Qbeta ), which had similar diameters, exhibited maximum effluent concentration/initial concentration values that correlated exactly with their isoelectric points. In the continuously recirculating column, viral adsorption was negatively correlated with the isoelectric points of the viruses. A model of virus migration in the soil columns was created by using a one-dimensional transport model in which kinetic sorption was used. The data suggest that the isoelectric point of a virus is the predetermining factor controlling viral adsorption within aquifers. The data also suggest that when virus particles are more than 60 nm in diameter, viral dimensions become the overriding factor.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Texas A&M University Research Center, 1380 A&M Circle, El Paso, TX 79927. Phone: (915) 859-9111. Fax: (915) 859-1078. E-mail: s-pillai{at}tamu.edu.

dagger Present address: Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721.




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