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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 1998, p. 3029-3035, Vol. 64, No. 8
0099-2240/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Purification and Characterization of a High-Molecular-Weight Insecticidal Protein Complex Produced by the Entomopathogenic Bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens

David J. Bowendagger and Jerald C. Ensign*

Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706

Received 26 February 1998/Accepted 2 June 1998

Photorhabdus luminescens is a gram-negative enteric bacterium that is found in association with entomopathogenic nematodes of the family Heterorhabditidae. The nematodes infect a variety of soil-dwelling insects. Upon entering an insect host, the nematode releases P. luminescens cells from its intestinal tract, and the bacteria quickly establish a lethal septicemia. When grown in peptone broth, in the absence of the nematodes, the bacteria produce a protein toxin complex that is lethal when fed to, or injected into the hemolymph of, Manduca sexta larvae and several other insect species. The toxin purified as a protein complex which has an estimated molecular weight of 1,000,000 and contains no protease, phospholipase, or hemolytic activity and only a trace of lipase activity. The purified toxin possesses insecticidal activity whether injected or given orally. Analyses of the denatured complex by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed it to be composed of several protein subunits ranging in size from 30 to 200 kDa. The complex was further separated by native gel electrophoresis into three components, two of which retained insecticidal activity. The purified native toxin complex was found to be active in nanogram concentrations against insects representing four orders of the class Insecta.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706. Phone: (608) 262-7877. Fax: (608) 262-9865. E-mail: jcensign{at}facstaff.wisc.edu.

dagger Present address: Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 1998, p. 3029-3035, Vol. 64, No. 8
0099-2240/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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