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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 1999, p. 4855-4862, Vol. 65, No. 11
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Phylogenetic Differentiation of Two Closely Related Nitrosomonas spp. That Inhabit Different Sediment Environments in an Oligotrophic Freshwater Lake

Corinne B. Whitby,1 Jon R. Saunders,1 Juana Rodriguez,1 Roger W. Pickup,2 and Alan McCarthy1,*

School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB,1 and Institute of Freshwater Ecology, Far Sawrey, Cumbria, LA22 OLP,2 United Kingdom

Received 23 June 1999/Accepted 23 August 1999

The population of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in a temperate oligotrophic freshwater lake was analyzed by recovering 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from lakewater and sediment samples taken throughout a seasonal cycle. Nitrosospira and Nitrosomonas 16S rRNA genes were amplified in a nested PCR, and the identity of the products was confirmed by oligonucleotide hybridization. Nitrosospira DNA was readily identified in all samples, and nitrosomonad DNA of the Nitrosomonas europaea-Nitrosomonas eutropha lineage was also directly detected, but during the summer months only. Phylogenetic delineation with partial (345 bp) 16S rRNA gene sequences of clones obtained from sediments confirmed the fidelity of the amplified nitrosomonad DNA and identified two sequence clusters closely related to either N. europaea or N. eutropha that were equated with the littoral and profundal sediment sites, respectively. Determination of 701-bp sequences for 16S rDNA clones representing each cluster confirmed this delineation. A PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) system was developed that enabled identification of clones containing N. europaea and N. eutropha 16S rDNA sequences, including subclasses therein. It proved possible to analyze 16S rDNA amplified directly from sediment samples to determine the relative abundance of each species compared with that of the other. N. europaea and N. eutropha are very closely related, and direct evidence for their presence in lake systems is limited. The correlation of each species with a distinct spatial location in sediment is an unusual example of niche adaptation by two genotypically similar bacteria. Their occurrence and relative distribution can now be routinely monitored in relation to environmental variation by the application of PCR-RFLP analysis.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom. Phone: 151 794 4413. Fax: 151 794 4401. E-mail: aj55m{at}liverpool.ac.uk.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 1999, p. 4855-4862, Vol. 65, No. 11
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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