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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 1999, p. 5042-5049, Vol. 65, No. 11
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Characterization and Identification of Numerically Abundant Culturable Bacteria from the Anoxic Bulk Soil of Rice Paddy Microcosms

Kuk-Jeong Chin,1 Dittmar Hahn,2,dagger Ulf Hengstmann,1 Werner Liesack,1 and Peter H. Janssen1,*

Max-Planck-Institut für terrestrische Mikrobiologie, D-35043 Marburg, Germany,1 and Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Soil Biology, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland2

Received 29 April 1999/Accepted 23 August 1999

Most-probable-number (liquid serial dilution culture) counts were obtained for polysaccharolytic and saccharolytic fermenting bacteria in the anoxic bulk soil of flooded microcosms containing rice plants. The highest viable counts (up to 2.5 × 108 cells per g [dry weight] of soil) were obtained by using xylan, pectin, or a mixture of seven mono- and disaccharides as the growth substrate. The total cell count for the soil, as determined by using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, was 4.8 × 108 cells per g (dry weight) of soil. The nine strains isolated from the terminal positive tubes in counting experiments which yielded culturable populations that were equivalent to about 5% or more of the total microscopic count population belonged to the division Verrucomicrobia, the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides division, clostridial cluster XIVa, clostridial cluster IX, Bacillus spp., and the class Actinobacteria. Isolates originating from the terminal positive tubes of liquid dilution series can be expected to be representatives of species whose populations in the soil are large. None of the isolates had 16S rRNA gene sequences identical to 16S rRNA gene sequences of previously described species for which data are available. Eight of the nine strains isolated fermented sugars to acetate and propionate (and some also fermented sugars to succinate). The closest relatives of these strains (except for the two strains of actinobacteria) were as-yet-uncultivated bacteria detected in the same soil sample by cloning PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes (U. Hengstmann, K.-J. Chin, P. H. Janssen, and W. Liesack, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:5050-5058, 1999). Twelve other isolates, which originated from most-probable-number counting series indicating that the culturable populations were smaller, were less closely related to cloned 16S rRNA genes.

* Corresponding author. Present address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia. Phone: 61 (3) 9344 5706. Fax: 61 (3) 9347 1540. E-mail: p.janssen{at}microbiology.unimelb.edu.au.

dagger Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 1999, p. 5042-5049, Vol. 65, No. 11
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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