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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 1999, p. 1501-1505, Vol. 65, No. 4
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Detection of Cytolethal Distending Toxin Activity and cdt Genes in Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Chicken Carcassesdagger

Aysegul Eyigor,1 Karl A. Dawson,1 Bruce E. Langlois,1 and Carol L. Pickett2,*

Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546-0215,1 and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-00842

Received 28 July 1998/Accepted 21 January 1999

This study was designed to determine whether isolates from chicken carcasses, the primary source of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in human infections, commonly carry the cdt genes and also whether active cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is produced by these isolates. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from all 91 fresh chicken carcasses purchased from local supermarkets. Campylobacter spp. were identified on the basis of both biochemical and PCR tests. Of the 105 isolates, 70 (67%) were identified as C. jejuni, and 35 (33%) were identified as C. coli. PCR tests amplified portions of the cdt genes from all 105 isolates. Restriction analysis of PCR products indicated that there appeared to be species-specific differences between the C. jejuni and C. coli cdt genes, but that the restriction patterns of the cdt genes within strains of the same species were almost invariant. Quantitation of active CDT levels produced by the isolates indicated that all C. jejuni strains except four (94%) had mean CDT titers greater than 100. Only one C. jejuni strain appeared to produce no active CDT. C. coli isolates produced little or no toxin. These results confirm the high rate of Campylobacter sp. contamination of fresh chicken carcasses and indicate that cdt genes may be universally present in C. jejuni and C. coli isolates from chicken carcasses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chandler Medical Center, 800 Rose St., University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0084. Phone: (606) 323-5313. Fax: (606) 257-8994. E-mail: cpicket{at}pop.uky.edu.

dagger Published with the approval of the Director of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station as journal paper no. 98-07-102.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 1999, p. 1501-1505, Vol. 65, No. 4
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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