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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 1999, p. 1731-1737, Vol. 65, No. 4
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Wide Distribution and Diversity of Members of the
Bacterial Kingdom Acidobacterium in the
Environment
Susan M.
Barns,*
Shannon L.
Takala, and
Cheryl
R.
Kuske
Environmental Molecular Biology Group, Life
Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New
Mexico 87545
Received 29 October 1998/Accepted 1 February 1999
To assess the distribution and diversity of members of the recently
identified bacterial kingdom Acidobacterium, members of this kingdom present in 43 environmental samples were surveyed by PCR
amplification. A primer designed to amplify rRNA gene sequences (ribosomal DNAs [rDNAs]) from most known members of the kingdom was
used to interrogate bulk DNA extracted from the samples. Positive PCR
results were obtained with all temperate soil and sediment samples
tested, as well as some hot spring samples, indicating that members of
this kingdom are very widespread in terrestrial environments. PCR
primers specific for four phylogenetic subgroups within the kingdom
were used in similar surveys. All four subgroups were detected in most
neutral soils and some sediments, while only two of the groups were
seen in most low-pH environments. The combined use of these primers
allowed identification of a novel lineage within the kingdom in a hot
spring environment. Phylogenetic analysis of rDNA sequences from our
survey and the literature outlines at least six major subgroups within
the kingdom. Taken together, these data suggest that members of the
Acidobacterium kingdom are as genetically and metabolically
diverse, environmentally widespread and perhaps as ecologically
important as the well-known Proteobacteria and
gram-positive bacterial kingdoms.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: M888, Life
Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM
87545. Phone: (505) 667-1071. Fax: (505) 665-6894. E-mail:
sbarns{at}lanl.gov.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 1999, p. 1731-1737, Vol. 65, No. 4
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
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