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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 1999, p. 2418-2428, Vol. 65, No. 6
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

A Morphological and Molecular Perspective of Trichoderma viride: Is It One or Two Species?

Elke Lieckfeldt,1,* Gary J. Samuels,2 Helgard I. Nirenberg,3 and Orlando Petrini4

Institut für Biologie/Genetik, Humboldt-Universität, D-10115 Berlin,1 and Institut für Pflanzenvirologie, Mikrobiologie und Biologische Sicherheit, Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land-und Forstwirtschaft, D-14195 Berlin,3 Germany; Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-23502; and Tera d'Sott 5, S-6949 Comano, Switzerland4

Received 7 December 1998/Accepted 5 April 1999

Trichoderma (Ascomycetes, Hypocreales) strains that have warted conidia are traditionally identified as T. viride, the type species of Trichoderma. However, two morphologically distinct types of conidial warts (I and II) have been found. Because each type corresponds to a unique mitochondrial DNA pattern, it has been questioned whether T. viride comprises more than one species. Combined molecular data (sequences of the internal transcribed spacer 1 [ITS-1] and ITS-2 regions and of part of the 28S rRNA gene along with results of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the endochitinase gene and PCR fingerprinting), morphology, physiology, and colony characteristics distinguish type I and type II as different species. Type I corresponds to "true" T. viride, the anamorph of Hypocrea rufa. Type II represents a new species, T. asperellum, which is, in terms of molecular characteristics, close to the neotype of T. hamatum.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut für Biologie/Genetik, Humboldt-Universität, Chauseestr. 117, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. Phone: 49 30 2093 8143. Fax: 49 30 2093 8141. E-mail: Elke=Lieckfeldt{at}biologie.hu-berlin.de.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 1999, p. 2418-2428, Vol. 65, No. 6
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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