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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 1999, p. 2592-2597, Vol. 65, No. 6
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Vibrios Associated with Litopenaeus vannamei Larvae, Postlarvae, Broodstock, and Hatchery Probionts

Johan Vandenberghe,1,2,* Linda Verdonck,1 Rocio Robles-Arozarena,2 Gabriel Rivera,3 Annick Bolland,3 Marcos Balladares,3 Bruno Gomez-Gil,4 Jorge Calderon,3 Patrick Sorgeloos,2 and Jean Swings1

Laboratory for Microbiology1 and Laboratory for Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center,2 University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas "Edgar Arellano M." CENAIM, Campus Politécnico (ESPOL), Guayaquil, Ecuador3; and CIAD/Mazatlan Unit for Aquaculture and Environmental Management, Mazatlan, Sin., Mexico 820004

Received 14 December 1998/Accepted 4 March 1999

Several bacteriological surveys were performed from 1994 to 1996 at different Litopenaeus vannamei hatcheries (in Ecuador) and shrimp farms (in Mexico). Samples were taken from routine productions of healthy and diseased L. vannamei larvae, postlarvae, and their culture environment and from healthy and diseased juveniles and broodstock. In Ecuador, the dominant bacterial flora associated with shrimp larvae showing symptoms of zoea 2 syndrome, mysis mold syndrome, and bolitas syndrome has been determined. Strains were characterized by Biolog metabolic fingerprinting and identified by comparison to a database of 850 Vibrio type and reference strains. A selection of strains was further genotypically fine typed by AFLP. Vibrio alginolyticus is predominantly present in all larval stages and is associated with healthy nauplius and zoea stages. AFLP genetic fingerprinting shows high genetic heterogeneity among V. alginolyticus strains, and the results suggest that putative probiotic and pathogenic strains each have specific genotypes. V. alginolyticus was found to be associated with larvae with the zoea 2 syndrome and the mysis mold syndrome, while different Vibrio species (V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi) are associated with the bolitas syndrome. V. harveyi is associated with diseased postlarvae, juveniles, and broodstock. The identities of the strains identified as V. harveyi by the Biolog system could not be unambiguously confirmed by AFLP genomic fingerprinting. Vibrio strain STD3-988 and one unidentified strain (STD3-959) are suspected pathogens of only juvenile and adult stages. V. parahaemolyticus, Photobacterium damselae, and V. mimicus are associated with juvenile and adult stages.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory for Microbiology, University of Ghent, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Phone: 32/9/2645116. Fax: 32/9/2645092. E-mail: Johan.Vandenberghe{at}rug.ac.be.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 1999, p. 2592-2597, Vol. 65, No. 6
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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