This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Xiao, L.
Right arrow Articles by Lal, A. A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Xiao, L.
Right arrow Articles by Lal, A. A.
Agricola
Right arrow Articles by Xiao, L.
Right arrow Articles by Lal, A. A.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 1999, p. 3386-3391, Vol. 65, No. 8
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Genetic Diversity within Cryptosporidium parvum and Related Cryptosporidium Species

Lihua Xiao,1,* Una M. Morgan,2 Josef Limor,1 Ananias Escalante,3 Michael Arrowood,1 William Shulaw,4 R. C. A. Thompson,2 Ronald Fayer,5 and Altaf A. Lal1

Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 303411; State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia2; Centro de Ecologia, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, IVIC, KM11 Carretera, Panamericana, Caracas, Venezuela3; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 432194; and Immunology and Disease Resistance Laboratory, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 207055

Received 20 January 1999/Accepted 25 May 1999

To assess the genetic diversity in Cryptosporidium parvum, we have sequenced the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene of seven Cryptosporidium spp., various isolates of C. parvum from eight hosts, and a Cryptosporidium isolate from a desert monitor. Phylogenetic analysis of the SSU rRNA sequences confirmed the multispecies nature of the genus Cryptosporidium, with at least four distinct species (C. parvum, C. baileyi, C. muris, and C. serpentis). Other species previously defined by biologic characteristics, including C. wrairi, C. meleagridis, and C. felis, and the desert monitor isolate, clustered together or within C. parvum. Extensive genetic diversities were present among C. parvum isolates from humans, calves, pigs, dogs, mice, ferrets, marsupials, and a monkey. In general, specific genotypes were associated with specific host species. A PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique previously developed by us could differentiate most Cryptosporidium spp. and C. parvum genotypes, but sequence analysis of the PCR product was needed to differentiate C. wrairi and C. meleagridis from some of the C. parvum genotypes. These results indicate a need for revision in the taxonomy and assessment of the zoonotic potential of some animal C. parvum isolates.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Parasitic Diseases, Mail Stop F-12, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341. Phone: (770) 488-4840. Fax: (770) 488-4454. E-mail: lax0{at}cdc.gov.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 1999, p. 3386-3391, Vol. 65, No. 8
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Feng, Y., Dearen, T., Cama, V., Xiao, L. (2009). 90-Kilodalton Heat Shock Protein, Hsp90, as a Target for Genotyping Cryptosporidium spp. Known To Infect Humans. Eukaryot Cell 8: 478-482 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Giles, M., Chalmers, R., Pritchard, G., Elwin, K., Mueller-Doblies, D., Clifton-Hadley, F. (2009). Cryptosporidium hominis in a goat and a sheep in the UK. Vet Rec. 164: 24-25 [Full Text]  
  • Waldron, L. S., Ferrari, B. C., Gillings, M. R., Power, M. L. (2009). Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism for Identification of Cryptosporidium Species in Human Feces. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 75: 108-112 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hill, N. J., Deane, E. M., Power, M. L. (2008). Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Cryptosporidium Isolates from Common Brushtail Possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) Adapted to Urban Settings. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74: 5549-5555 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Miller, W. A., Lewis, D. J., Pereira, M. D. G., Lennox, M., Conrad, P. A., Tate, K. W., Atwill, E. R. (2008). Farm Factors Associated with Reducing Cryptosporidium Loading in Storm Runoff from Dairies. J. Environ. Qual. 37: 1875-1882 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lupo, P. J., Langer-Curry, R. C., Robinson, M., Okhuysen, P. C., Chappell, C. L. (2008). Cryptosporidium muris in a Texas Canine Population. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 917-921 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ruecker, N. J., Braithwaite, S. L., Topp, E., Edge, T., Lapen, D. R., Wilkes, G., Robertson, W., Medeiros, D., Sensen, C. W., Neumann, N. F. (2007). Tracking Host Sources of Cryptosporidium spp. in Raw Water for Improved Health Risk Assessment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: 3945-3957 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Meamar, A. R., Guyot, K., Certad, G., Dei-Cas, E., Mohraz, M., Mohebali, M., Mohammad, K., Mehbod, A. A., Rezaie, S., Rezaian, M. (2007). Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium Isolates from Humans and Animals in Iran. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: 1033-1035 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nichols, R. A. B., Campbell, B. M., Smith, H. V. (2006). Molecular Fingerprinting of Cryptosporidium Oocysts Isolated during Water Monitoring. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 5428-5435 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Xiao, L., Moore, J. E., Ukoh, U., Gatei, W., Lowery, C. J., Murphy, T. M., Dooley, J. S. G., Millar, B. C., Rooney, P. J., Rao, J. R. (2006). Prevalence and Identity of Cryptosporidium spp. in Pig Slurry.. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 4461-4463 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Leoni, F., Amar, C., Nichols, G., Pedraza-Diaz, S., McLauchlin, J. (2006). Genetic analysis of Cryptosporidium from 2414 humans with diarrhoea in England between 1985 and 2000. J Med Microbiol 55: 703-707 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Atwill, E. R., Pereira, M. D. G. C., Alonso, L. H., Elmi, C., Epperson, W. B., Smith, R., Riggs, W., Carpenter, L. V., Dargatz, D. A., Hoar, B. (2006). Environmental Load of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts from Cattle Manure in Feedlots from the Central and Western United States. J. Environ. Qual. 35: 200-206 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hashim, A., Mulcahy, G., Bourke, B., Clyne, M. (2006). Interaction of Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum with Primary Human and Bovine Intestinal Cells. Infect. Immun. 74: 99-107 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ruecker, N. J., Bounsombath, N., Wallis, P., Ong, C. S. L., Isaac-Renton, J. L., Neumann, N. F. (2005). Molecular Forensic Profiling of Cryptosporidium Species and Genotypes in Raw Water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 8991-8994 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Power, M. L., Sangster, N. C., Slade, M. B., Veal, D. A. (2005). Patterns of Cryptosporidium Oocyst Shedding by Eastern Grey Kangaroos Inhabiting an Australian Watershed. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 6159-6164 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jiang, J., Alderisio, K. A., Xiao, L. (2005). Distribution of Cryptosporidium Genotypes in Storm Event Water Samples from Three Watersheds in New York. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 4446-4454 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Coupe, S., Sarfati, C., Hamane, S., Derouin, F. (2005). Detection of Cryptosporidium and Identification to the Species Level by Nested PCR and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 1017-1023 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tate, K. W., Pereira, M. D. G. C., Atwill, E. R. (2004). Efficacy of Vegetated Buffer Strips for Retaining Cryptosporidium parvum. J. Environ. Qual. 33: 2243-2251 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Learmonth, J. J., Ionas, G., Ebbett, K. A., Kwan, E. S. (2004). Genetic Characterization and Transmission Cycles of Cryptosporidium Species Isolated from Humans in New Zealand. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 3973-3978 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zhou, L., Kassa, H., Tischler, M. L., Xiao, L. (2004). Host-Adapted Cryptosporidium spp. in Canada Geese (Branta canadensis). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 4211-4215 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Xiao, L., Ryan, U. M., Graczyk, T. K., Limor, J., Li, L., Kombert, M., Junge, R., Sulaiman, I. M., Zhou, L., Arrowood, M. J., Koudela, B., Modry, D., Lal, A. A. (2004). Genetic Diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in Captive Reptiles. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 891-899 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Xiao, L., Fayer, R., Ryan, U., Upton, S. J. (2004). Cryptosporidium Taxonomy: Recent Advances and Implications for Public Health. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 17: 72-97 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jellison, K. L., Distel, D. L., Hemond, H. F., Schauer, D. B. (2004). Phylogenetic Analysis of the Hypervariable Region of the 18S rRNA Gene of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Feces of Canada Geese (Branta canadensis): Evidence for Five Novel Genotypes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 452-458 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Quintero-Betancourt, W., Gennaccaro, A. L., Scott, T. M., Rose, J. B. (2003). Assessment of Methods for Detection of Infectious Cryptosporidium Oocysts and Giardia Cysts in Reclaimed Effluents. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 5380-5388 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Atwill, E. R., Hoar, B., das Gracas Cabral Pereira, M., Tate, K. W., Rulofson, F., Nader, G. (2003). Improved Quantitative Estimates of Low Environmental Loading and Sporadic Periparturient Shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum in Adult Beef Cattle. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 4604-4610 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ryan, U., Xiao, L., Read, C., Zhou, L., Lal, A. A., Pavlasek, I. (2003). Identification of Novel Cryptosporidium Genotypes from the Czech Republic. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69: 4302-4307 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Alves, M., Xiao, L., Sulaiman, I., Lal, A. A., Matos, O., Antunes, F. (2003). Subgenotype Analysis of Cryptosporidium Isolates from Humans, Cattle, and Zoo Ruminants in Portugal. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 2744-2747 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Akiyoshi, D. E., Dilo, J., Pearson, C., Chapman, S., Tumwine, J., Tzipori, S. (2003). Characterization of Cryptosporidium meleagridis of Human Origin Passaged through Different Host Species. Infect. Immun. 71: 1828-1832 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gatei, W., Greensill, J., Ashford, R. W., Cuevas, L. E., Parry, C. M., Cunliffe, N. A., Beeching, N. J., Hart, C. A. (2003). Molecular Analysis of the 18S rRNA Gene of Cryptosporidium Parasites from Patients with or without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections Living in Kenya, Malawi, Brazil, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 1458-1462 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Leoni, F., Gallimore, C. I., Green, J., McLauchlin, J. (2003). Molecular Epidemiological Analysis of Cryptosporidium Isolates from Humans and Animals by Using a Heteroduplex Mobility Assay and Nucleic Acid Sequencing Based on a Small Double-Stranded RNA Element. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41: 981-992 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Atwill, E. R., Hou, L., Karle, B. M., Harter, T., Tate, K. W., Dahlgren, R. A. (2002). Transport of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts through Vegetated Buffer Strips and Estimated Filtration Efficiency. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 5517-5527 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Leav, B. A., Mackay, M. R., Anyanwu, A., O' Connor, R. M., Cevallos, A. M., Kindra, G., Rollins, N. C., Bennish, M. L., Nelson, R. G., Ward, H. D. (2002). Analysis of Sequence Diversity at the Highly Polymorphic Cpgp40/15 Locus among Cryptosporidium Isolates from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children in South Africa. Infect. Immun. 70: 3881-3890 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Limor, J. R., Lal, A. A., Xiao, L. (2002). Detection and Differentiation of Cryptosporidium Parasites That Are Pathogenic for Humans by Real-Time PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40: 2335-2338 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Guyot, K., Follet-Dumoulin, A., Recourt, C., Lelievre, E., Cailliez, J. C., Dei-Cas, E. (2002). PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of a Diagnostic 452-Base-Pair DNA Fragment Discriminates between Cryptosporidium parvum and C. meleagridis and between C. parvum Isolates of Human and Animal Origin. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 2071-2076 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jellison, K. L., Hemond, H. F., Schauer, D. B. (2002). Sources and Species of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in the Wachusett Reservoir Watershed. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68: 569-575 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Guyot, K., Follet-Dumoulin, A., Lelievre, E., Sarfati, C., Rabodonirina, M., Nevez, G., Cailliez, J. C., Camus, D., Dei-Cas, E. (2001). Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium Isolates Obtained from Humans in France. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39: 3472-3480 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Atwill, E. R., Camargo, S. M., Phillips, R., Alonso, L. H., Tate, K. W., Jensen, W. A., Bennet, J., Little, S., Salmon, T. P. (2001). Quantitative Shedding of Two Genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum in California Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 2840-2843 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Xiao, L., Singh, A., Limor, J., Graczyk, T. K., Gradus, S., Lal, A. (2001). Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Samples of Raw Surface Water and Wastewater. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 1097-1101 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Perz, J. F., Le Blancq, S. M. (2001). Cryptosporidium parvum Infection Involving Novel Genotypes in Wildlife from Lower New York State. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 1154-1162 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Xiao, L., Alderisio, K., Limor, J., Royer, M., Lal, A. A. (2000). Identification of Species and Sources of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Storm Waters with a Small-Subunit rRNA-Based Diagnostic and Genotyping Tool. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 5492-5498 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Xiao, L., Limor, J., Morgan, U. M., Sulaiman, I. M., Thompson, R. C. A., Lal, A. A. (2000). Sequence Differences in the Diagnostic Target Region of the Oocyst Wall Protein Gene of Cryptosporidium Parasites. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 5499-5502 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • LOWERY, C.J., MOORE, J.E., MILLAR, B.C., BURKE, D.P., McCORRY, K.A. J., CROTHERS, E., DOOLEY, J.S. G. (2000). Detection and speciation of Cryptosporidium spp. in environmental water samples by immunomagnetic separation, PCR and endonuclease restriction. J Med Microbiol 49: 779-785 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sulaiman, I. M., Morgan, U. M., Thompson, R. C. A., Lal, A. A., Xiao, L. (2000). Phylogenetic Relationships of Cryptosporidium Parasites Based on the 70-Kilodalton Heat Shock Protein (HSP70) Gene. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 2385-2391 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Morgan, U. M., Xiao, L., Monis, P., Fall, A., Irwin, P. J., Fayer, R., Denholm, K. M., Limor, J., Lal, A., Thompson, R. C. A. (2000). Cryptosporidium spp. in Domestic Dogs: the "Dog" Genotype. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66: 2220-2223 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Morgan, U., Weber, R., Xiao, L., Sulaiman, I., Thompson, R. C. A., Ndiritu, W., Lal, A., Moore, A., Deplazes, P. (2000). Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium Isolates Obtained from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals Living in Switzerland, Kenya, and the United States. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38: 1180-1183 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»