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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2000, p. 140-147, Vol. 66, No. 1
0099-2240/0/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Genetic Diversity of Vibrio cholerae in Chesapeake Bay Determined by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Fingerprinting

Sunny C. Jiang,1,* Valerie Louis,1 Nipa Choopun,1 Anjana Sharma,1,2 Anwar Huq,1,3 and Rita R. Colwell1,3

Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21202,1 Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Biological Sciences, R. D. University, Jabalpur-1 (M.P.), India,2 and Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 207423

Received 1 June 1999/Accepted 10 September 1999

Vibrio cholerae is indigenous to the aquatic environment, and serotype non-O1 strains are readily isolated from coastal waters. However, in comparison with intensive studies of the O1 group, relatively little effort has been made to analyze the population structure and molecular evolution of non-O1 V. cholerae. In this study, high-resolution genomic DNA fingerprinting, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), was used to characterize the temporal and spatial genetic diversity of 67 V. cholerae strains isolated from Chesapeake Bay during April through July 1998, at four different sampling sites. Isolation of V. cholerae during the winter months (January through March) was unsuccessful, as observed in earlier studies (J. H. L. Kaper, R. R. Colwell, and S. W. Joseph, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 37:91-103, 1979). AFLP fingerprints subjected to similarity analysis yielded a grouping of isolates into three large clusters, reflecting time of the year when the strains were isolated. April and May isolates were closely related, while July isolates were genetically diverse and did not cluster with the isolates obtained earlier in the year. The results suggest that the population structure of V. cholerae undergoes a shift in genotype that is linked to changes in environmental conditions. From January to July, the water temperature increased from 3°C to 27.5°C, bacterial direct counts increased nearly an order of magnitude, and the chlorophyll a concentration tripled (or even quadrupled at some sites). No correlation was observed between genetic similarity among isolates and geographical source of isolation, since isolates found at a single sampling site were genetically diverse and genetically identical isolates were found at several of the sampling sites. Thus, V. cholerae populations may be transported by surface currents throughout the entire Bay, or, more likely, similar environmental conditions may be selected for a specific genotype. The dynamic nature of the population structure of this bacterial species in Chesapeake Bay provides new insight into the ecology and molecular evolution of V. cholerae in the natural environment.

* Corresponding author. Present address: Department of Environmental Analysis and Design, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697. Phone: (949) 824-5527. Fax: (949) 824-2056. E-mail: sjiang{at}uci.edu.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2000, p. 140-147, Vol. 66, No. 1
0099-2240/0/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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