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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2000, p. 4649-4654, Vol. 66, No. 11
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0

Environmental Investigations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Oysters after Outbreaks in Washington, Texas, and New York (1997 and 1998)

Angelo DePaola,1,* Charles A. Kaysner,2 John Bowers,3 and David W. Cook1

Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, Alabama 365281; Seafood Products Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, Washington 980212; and Division of Mathematics and Statistics, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 202043

Received 5 June 2000/Accepted 24 August 2000

Total Vibrio parahaemolyticus densities and the occurrence of pathogenic strains in shellfish were determined following outbreaks in Washington, Texas, and New York. Recently developed nonradioactive DNA probes were utilized for the first time for direct enumeration of V. parahaemolyticus in environmental shellfish samples. V. parahaemolyticus was prevalent in oysters from Puget Sound, Wash.; Galveston Bay, Tex.; and Long Island Sound, N.Y., in the weeks following shellfish-associated outbreaks linked to these areas. However, only two samples (one each from Washington and Texas) were found to harbor total V. parahaemolyticus densities exceeding the level of concern of 10,000 g-1. Pathogenic strains, defined as those hybridizing with tdh and/or trh probes, were detected in a few samples, mostly Puget Sound oysters, and at low densities (usually <10 g-1). Intensive sampling in Galveston Bay demonstrated relatively constant water temperature (27.8 to 31.7°C) and V. parahaemolyticus levels (100 to 1,000 g-1) during the summer. Salinity varied from 14.9 to 29.3 ppt. A slight but significant (P < 0.05) negative correlation (-0.25) was observed between V. parahaemolyticus density and salinity. Based on our data, findings of more than 10,000 g-1 total V. parahaemolyticus or >10 g-1 tdh- and/or trh-positive V. parahaemolyticus in environmental oysters should be considered extraordinary.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, AL 36528-0158. Phone: (334) 694-4480 (ext. 230). Fax: (334) 694-4477. E-mail: adepaola{at}cfsan.fda.gov.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2000, p. 4649-4654, Vol. 66, No. 11
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0


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