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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2000, p. 5053-5065, Vol. 66, No. 11
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Comparative 16S rRNA Analysis of Lake Bacterioplankton Reveals Globally Distributed Phylogenetic Clusters Including an Abundant Group of Actinobacteria

Frank Oliver Glöckner,1,* Evgeny Zaichikov,2 Natalia Belkova,3 Ludmilla Denissova,2 Jakob Pernthaler,1 Annelie Pernthaler,1 and Rudolf Amann1

Max-Planck-Institut für Marine Mikrobiologie, Bremen,1 and Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Munich,2 Germany, and Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia3

Received 30 May 2000/Accepted 29 August 2000

In a search for cosmopolitan phylogenetic clusters of freshwater bacteria, we recovered a total of 190 full and partial 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences from three different lakes (Lake Gossenköllesee, Austria; Lake Fuchskuhle, Germany; and Lake Baikal, Russia). The phylogenetic comparison with the currently available rDNA data set showed that our sequences fall into 16 clusters, which otherwise include bacterial rDNA sequences of primarily freshwater and soil, but not marine, origin. Six of the clusters were affiliated with the alpha , four were affiliated with the beta , and one was affiliated with the gamma  subclass of the Proteobacteria; four were affiliated with the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides group; and one was affiliated with the class Actinobacteria (formerly known as the high-G+C gram-positive bacteria). The latter cluster (hgcI) is monophyletic and so far includes only sequences directly retrieved from aquatic environments. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes specific for the hgcI cluster showed abundances of up to 1.7 × 105 cells ml-1 in Lake Gossenköllesee, with strong seasonal fluctuations, and high abundances in the two other lakes investigated. Cell size measurements revealed that Actinobacteria in Lake Gossenköllesee can account for up to 63% of the bacterioplankton biomass. A combination of phylogenetic analysis and FISH was used to reveal 16 globally distributed sequence clusters and to confirm the broad distribution, abundance, and high biomass of members of the class Actinobacteria in freshwater ecosystems.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Max-Planck-Institut für Marine Mikrobiologie, Celsiusstr. 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. Phone: 49(0) 421 2028-938. Fax: 49(0) 421 2028-580. E-mail: fog{at}mpi-bremen.de.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2000, p. 5053-5065, Vol. 66, No. 11
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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