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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2000, p. 5221-5225, Vol. 66, No. 12
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Control of Expression of Divergent Pseudomonas putida put Promoters for Proline Catabolism

Susana Vílchez, Maximino Manzanera, and Juan L. Ramos*

Departments of Plant Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, E-18008 Granada, Spain

Received 22 May 2000/Accepted 25 September 2000

Pseudomonas putida KT2440 uses proline as the sole C and N source. Utilization of this amino acid involves its uptake, which is mediated by the PutP protein, and its conversion into glutamate, mediated by the PutA protein. Sequence analysis revealed that the putA and putP genes are transcribed divergently. Expression from the putP and putA genes was analyzed at the mRNA level in different host backgrounds in the absence and presence of proline. Expression from the put promoters was induced by proline. The transcription initiation points of the putP and putA genes were precisely mapped via primer extension, and sequence analysis of the upstream DNA region showed well-separated promoters for these two genes. The PutA protein acts as a repressor of put gene expression in P. putida because expression from the put promoters is constitutive in a host background with a knockout putA gene. This regulatory activity is independent of the catabolic activity of PutA, because we show that a point mutation (Glu896right-arrowLys) that prevents catalytic activity allowed the protein to retain its regulatory activity. Expression from the put promoters in the presence of proline in a putA-proficient background requires a positive regulatory protein, still unidentified, whose expression seems to be sigma 54 dependent because the put genes were not expressed in a sigma 54-deficient background. Expression of the putA and putP genes was equally high in the presence of proline in sigma 38- and ihf-deficient P. putida backgrounds.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: CSIC-Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Apdo. de Correos 419, E-18008 Granada, Spain. Phone: 34-958-121011. Fax: 34-958-129600.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2000, p. 5221-5225, Vol. 66, No. 12
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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