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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2000, p. 1375-1378, Vol. 66, No. 4
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0

Selective Accumulation May Account for Shellfish-Associated Viral Illness

William Burkhardt III* and Kevin R. Calci

U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528-0158

Received 18 October 1999/Accepted 17 January 2000

From 1991 through 1998, 1,266 cases of shellfish-related illnesses were attributed to Norwalk-like viruses. Seventy-eight percent of these illnesses occurred following consumption of oysters harvested from the Gulf Coast during the months of November through January. This study investigated the ability of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) to accumulate indicator microorganisms (i.e., fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, and F+ coliphage) from estuarine water. One-week trials over a 1-year period were used to determine if these indicator organisms could provide insight into the seasonal occurrence of these gastrointestinal illnesses. The results demonstrate that oysters preferentially accumulated F+ coliphage, an enteric viral surrogate, to their greatest levels from late November through January, with a concentration factor of up to 99-fold. However, similar increases in accumulation of the other indicator microorganisms were not observed. These findings suggest that the seasonal occurrence of shellfish-related illnesses by enteric viruses is, in part, the result of seasonal physiological changes undergone by the oysters that affect their ability to accumulate viral particles from estuarine waters.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 1 Iberville Dr., P.O. Box 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528-0158. Phone: (334) 694-4480. Fax: (334) 694-4477. E-mail: Wburkhar{at}cfsan.fda.gov.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2000, p. 1375-1378, Vol. 66, No. 4
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0


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