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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2000, p. 1559-1563, Vol. 66, No. 4
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Bacillus thuringiensis Delta-Endotoxin Cry1C Domain III Can Function as a Specificity Determinant for Spodoptera exigua in Different, but Not All, Cry1-Cry1C Hybrids

Ruud A. de Maagd,* Mieke Weemen-Hendriks, Willem Stiekema, and Dirk Bosch

Plant Research International, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands

Received 20 September 1999/Accepted 12 January 2000

In order to test our hypothesis that Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin Cry1Ca domain III functions as a determinant of specificity for Spodoptera exigua, regardless of the origins of domains I and II, we have constructed by cloning and in vivo recombination a collection of hybrid proteins containing domains I and II of various Cry1 toxins combined with domain III of Cry1Ca. Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Ba, Cry1Ea, and Cry1Fa all become more active against S. exigua when their domain III is replaced by (part of) that of Cry1Ca. This result shows that domain III of Cry1Ca is an important and versatile determinant of S. exigua specificity. The toxicity of the hybrids varied by a factor of 40, indicating that domain I and/or II modulate the activity as well. Cry1Da-Cry1Ca hybrids were an exception in that they were not significantly active against S. exigua or Manduca sexta, whereas both parental proteins were highly toxic. Incidentally, in a Cry1Ba-Cry1Ca hybrid, Cry1Ca domain III can also strongly increase toxicity for M. sexta.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. Phone: 31 317 477128. Fax: 31 317 418094. E-mail: R.A.deMaagd{at}plant.wag-ur.nl.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2000, p. 1559-1563, Vol. 66, No. 4
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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