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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2000, p. 2139-2147, Vol. 66, No. 5
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0

Aerobic Degradation of Dinitrotoluenes and Pathway for Bacterial Degradation of 2,6-Dinitrotoluene

Shirley F. Nishino, George C. Paoli, and Jim C. Spain*

Air Force Research Laboratory, Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida 32403-5323

Received 10 November 1999/Accepted 8 March 2000

An oxidative pathway for the mineralization of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) by Burkholderia sp. strain DNT has been reported previously. We report here the isolation of additional strains with the ability to mineralize 2,4-DNT by the same pathway and the isolation and characterization of bacterial strains that mineralize 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT) by a different pathway. Burkholderia cepacia strain JS850 and Hydrogenophaga palleronii strain JS863 grew on 2,6-DNT as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The initial steps in the pathway for degradation of 2,6-DNT were determined by simultaneous induction, enzyme assays, and identification of metabolites through mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. 2,6-DNT was converted to 3-methyl-4-nitrocatechol by a dioxygenation reaction accompanied by the release of nitrite. 3-Methyl-4-nitrocatechol was the substrate for extradiol ring cleavage yielding 2-hydroxy-5-nitro-6-oxohepta-2,4-dienoic acid, which was converted to 2-hydroxy-5-nitropenta-2,4-dienoic acid. 2,4-DNT-degrading strains also converted 2,6-DNT to 3-methyl-4-nitrocatechol but did not metabolize the 3-methyl-4-nitrocatechol. Although 2,6-DNT prevented the degradation of 2,4-DNT by 2,4-DNT-degrading strains, the effect was not the result of inhibition of 2,4-DNT dioxygenase by 2,6-DNT or of 4-methyl-5-nitrocatechol monooxygenase by 3-methyl-4-nitrocatechol.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: AFRL/MLQR, 139 Barnes Dr., Ste. 2, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403-5323. Phone: (850) 283-6058. Fax: (850) 283-6050. E-mail: jim.spain{at}tyndall.af.mil.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2000, p. 2139-2147, Vol. 66, No. 5
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0


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