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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2000, p. 2491-2501, Vol. 66, No. 6
The Agouron Institute, La Jolla, California
920371; Department of Biological
Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N
1N42; and Phillips Petroleum Company,
Bartlesville, Oklahoma 740043
Received 29 November 1999/Accepted 28 March 2000
Bacterial strains CVO and FWKO B were isolated from produced brine
at the Coleville oil field in Saskatchewan, Canada. Both strains are
obligate chemolithotrophs, with hydrogen, formate, and sulfide serving
as the only known energy sources for FWKO B, whereas sulfide and
elemental sulfur are the only known electron donors for CVO. Neither
strain uses thiosulfate as an energy source. Both strains are
microaerophiles (1% O2). In addition, CVO grows by
denitrification of nitrate or nitrite whereas FWKO B reduces nitrate
only to nitrite. Elemental sulfur is the sole product of sulfide
oxidation by FWKO B, while CVO produces either elemental sulfur or
sulfate, depending on the initial concentration of sulfide. Both
strains are capable of growth under strictly autotrophic conditions,
but CVO uses acetate as well as CO2 as its sole carbon source. Neither strain reduces sulfate; however, FWKO B reduces sulfur
and displays chemolithoautotrophic growth in the presence of elemental
sulfur, hydrogen, and CO2. Both strains grow at
temperatures between 5 and 40°C. CVO is capable of growth at NaCl
concentrations as high as 7%. The present 16s rRNA analysis suggests
that both strains are members of the epsilon subdivision of the
division Proteobacteria, with CVO most closely related to
Thiomicrospira denitrifcans and FWKO B most closely related
to members of the genus Arcobacter. The isolation of these
two novel chemolithotrophic sulfur bacteria from oil field brine
suggests the presence of a subterranean sulfur cycle driven entirely by
hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and nitrate.
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Isolation and Characterization of Strains CVO and
FWKO B, Two Novel Nitrate-Reducing, Sulfide-Oxidizing Bacteria Isolated
from Oil Field Brine
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Phillips
Petroleum Company, Phillips Research Center, 224 GB, Bartlesville, OK
74004. Phone: (918) 661-8797. Fax: (918) 662-2047. E-mail:
gejenne{at}ppco.com.
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