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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2000, p. 2652-2657, Vol. 66, No. 6
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Characterization of Metabolites during Biodegradation of Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine (RDX) with Municipal Anaerobic Sludgedagger

Jalal Hawari,1,* Annamaria Halasz,1 Tamara Sheremata,1 Sylvie Beaudet,1 Carl Groom,1 Louise Paquet,1 Chakib Rhofir,1 Guy Ampleman,2 and Sonia Thiboutot2

Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2,1 and Defence Research Establishment Valcartier, National Defence, Val Bélair, Quebec G3J 1X5,2 Canada

Received 7 February 2000/Accepted 4 April 2000

The biodegradation of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) in liquid cultures with municipal anaerobic sludge showed that at least two degradation routes were involved in the disappearance of the cyclic nitramine. In one route, RDX was reduced to give the familiar nitroso derivatives hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX) and hexahydro-1,3-dinitroso-5-nitro-1,3,5-triazine (DNX). In the second route, two novel metabolites, methylenedinitramine [(O2NNH)2CH2] and bis(hydroxymethyl)nitramine [(HOCH2)2NNO2], formed and were presumed to be ring cleavage products produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of the inner C---N bonds of RDX. None of the above metabolites accumulated in the system, and they disappeared to produce nitrous oxide (N2O) as a nitrogen-containing end product and formaldehyde (HCHO), methanol (MeOH), and formic acid (HCOOH) that in turn disappeared to produce CH4 and CO2 as carbon-containing end products.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Ave., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4P 2R2. Phone: (514) 496-6267. Fax: (514) 496-6265. E-mail: jalal.hawari{at}nrc.ca.

dagger NRCC publication number 43310.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2000, p. 2652-2657, Vol. 66, No. 6
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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