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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2000, p. 2835-2841, Vol. 66, No. 7
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Influence of Sulfide and Temperature on Species Composition and Community Structure of Hot Spring Microbial Mats

Sigurlaug Skirnisdottir,1,2 Gudmundur O. Hreggvidsson,1 Sigridur Hjörleifsdottir,1 Viggo T. Marteinsson,1 Solveig K. Petursdottir,1 Olle Holst,2 and Jakob K. Kristjansson1,3,*

Prokaria Ltd., Keldnaholt, IS-112 Reykjavik,1 and Institute of Biology, University of Iceland, IS-108 Reykjavik,3 Iceland, and Department of Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden2

Received 24 February 2000/Accepted 25 April 2000

In solfataric fields in southwestern Iceland, neutral and sulfide-rich hot springs are characterized by thick bacterial mats at 60 to 80°C that are white or yellow from precipitated sulfur (sulfur mats). In low-sulfide hot springs in the same area, grey or pink streamers are formed at 80 to 90°C, and a Chloroflexus mat is formed at 65 to 70°C. We have studied the microbial diversity of one sulfur mat (high-sulfide) hot spring and one Chloroflexus mat (low-sulfide) hot spring by cloning and sequencing of small-subunit rRNA genes obtained by PCR amplification from mat DNA. Using 98% sequence identity as a cutoff value, a total of 14 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 5 archaeal OTUs were detected in the sulfur mat; 18 bacterial OTUs were detected in the Chloroflexus mat. Although representatives of novel divisions were found, the majority of the sequences were >95% related to currently known sequences. The molecular diversity analysis showed that Chloroflexus was the dominant mat organism in the low-sulfide spring (1 mg liter-1) below 70°C, whereas Aquificales were dominant in the high-sulfide spring (12 mg liter-1) at the same temperature. Comparison of the present data to published data indicated that there is a relationship between mat type and composition of Aquificales on the one hand and temperature and sulfide concentration on the other hand.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: IceTherm Discovery Ltd., Keldnaholt, IS-112 Reykjavik, Iceland. Phone: (354) 5707200. Fax: (354) 5707210. E-mail: jakobk{at}iti.is.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2000, p. 2835-2841, Vol. 66, No. 7
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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