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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2000, p. 2898-2905, Vol. 66, No. 7
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Cospeciation of Psyllids and Their Primary Prokaryotic
Endosymbionts
MyLo L.
Thao,1
Nancy A.
Moran,2
Patrick
Abbot,2
Eric B.
Brennan,3
Daniel H.
Burckhardt,4 and
Paul
Baumann1,*
Microbiology Section1
and Plant Biology Section,3 University
of California, Davis, California 95616-8665, Department of
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson,
Arizona 85721,2 and
Naturhistorisches Museum, CH-4001 Basel,
Switzerland4
Received 25 February 2000/Accepted 3 May 2000
Psyllids are plant sap-feeding insects that harbor prokaryotic
endosymbionts in specialized cells within the body cavity. Four-kilobase DNA fragments containing 16S and 23S ribosomal DNA (rDNA)
were amplified from the primary (P) endosymbiont of 32 species of
psyllids representing three psyllid families and eight subfamilies. In
addition, 0.54-kb fragments of the psyllid nuclear gene
wingless were also amplified from 26 species. Phylogenetic trees derived from 16S-23S rDNA and from the host wingless
gene are very similar, and tests of compatibility of the data sets show
no significant conflict between host and endosymbiont phylogenies. This
result is consistent with a single infection of a shared psyllid
ancestor and subsequent cospeciation of the host and the endosymbiont.
In addition, the phylogenies based on DNA sequences generally agreed
with psyllid taxonomy based on morphology. The 3' end of the 16S rDNA
of the P endosymbionts differs from that of other members of the domain
Bacteria in the lack of a sequence complementary to the
mRNA ribosome binding site. The rate of sequence change in the 16S-23S
rDNA of the psyllid P endosymbiont was considerably higher than that of
other bacteria, including other fast-evolving insect endosymbionts. The
lineage consisting of the P endosymbionts of psyllids was given the
designation Candidatus Carsonella (gen. nov.) with a single
species, Candidatus Carsonella ruddii (sp. nov.).
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Microbiology
Section, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8665. Phone: (530) 752-0272. Fax: (530) 752-9014. E-mail:
pabaumann{at}ucdavis.edu.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2000, p. 2898-2905, Vol. 66, No. 7
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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