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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2000, p. 2898-2905, Vol. 66, No. 7
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Cospeciation of Psyllids and Their Primary Prokaryotic Endosymbionts

MyLo L. Thao,1 Nancy A. Moran,2 Patrick Abbot,2 Eric B. Brennan,3 Daniel H. Burckhardt,4 and Paul Baumann1,*

Microbiology Section1 and Plant Biology Section,3 University of California, Davis, California 95616-8665, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721,2 and Naturhistorisches Museum, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland4

Received 25 February 2000/Accepted 3 May 2000

Psyllids are plant sap-feeding insects that harbor prokaryotic endosymbionts in specialized cells within the body cavity. Four-kilobase DNA fragments containing 16S and 23S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were amplified from the primary (P) endosymbiont of 32 species of psyllids representing three psyllid families and eight subfamilies. In addition, 0.54-kb fragments of the psyllid nuclear gene wingless were also amplified from 26 species. Phylogenetic trees derived from 16S-23S rDNA and from the host wingless gene are very similar, and tests of compatibility of the data sets show no significant conflict between host and endosymbiont phylogenies. This result is consistent with a single infection of a shared psyllid ancestor and subsequent cospeciation of the host and the endosymbiont. In addition, the phylogenies based on DNA sequences generally agreed with psyllid taxonomy based on morphology. The 3' end of the 16S rDNA of the P endosymbionts differs from that of other members of the domain Bacteria in the lack of a sequence complementary to the mRNA ribosome binding site. The rate of sequence change in the 16S-23S rDNA of the psyllid P endosymbiont was considerably higher than that of other bacteria, including other fast-evolving insect endosymbionts. The lineage consisting of the P endosymbionts of psyllids was given the designation Candidatus Carsonella (gen. nov.) with a single species, Candidatus Carsonella ruddii (sp. nov.).

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Microbiology Section, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8665. Phone: (530) 752-0272. Fax: (530) 752-9014. E-mail: pabaumann{at}ucdavis.edu.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2000, p. 2898-2905, Vol. 66, No. 7
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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