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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2000, p. 3269-3276, Vol. 66, No. 8
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Distribution and Diversity of Archaea Corresponding to the Limnological Cycle of a Hypersaline Stratified Lake (Solar Lake, Sinai, Egypt)

Eddie Cytryn,1,dagger Dror Minz,1,Dagger Ronald S. Oremland,2 and Yehuda Cohen1,*

Division of Microbial and Molecular Ecology and The Moshe Shilo Minerva Center for Marine Biogeochemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel,1 and U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 940252

Received 24 February 2000/Accepted 30 May 2000

The vertical and seasonal distribution and diversity of archaeal sequences was investigated in a hypersaline, stratified, monomictic lake, Solar Lake, Sinai, Egypt, during the limnological development of stratification and mixing. Archaeal sequences were studied via phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences as well as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis. The 165 clones studied were grouped into four phylogenetically different clusters. Most of the clones isolated from both the aerobic epilimnion and the sulfide-rich hypolimnion were defined as cluster I, belonging to the Halobacteriaceae family. The three additional clusters were all isolated from the anaerobic hypolimnion. Cluster II is phylogenetically located between the genera Methanobacterium and Methanococcus. Clusters III and IV relate to two previously documented groups of uncultured euryarchaeota, remotely related to the genus Thermoplasma. No crenarchaeota were found in the water column of the Solar Lake. The archaeal community in the Solar Lake under both stratified and mixed conditions was dominated by halobacteria in salinities higher than 10%. During stratification, additional clusters, some of which may possibly relate to uncultured halophilic methanogens, were found in the sulfide- and methane-rich hypolimnion.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Microbial and Molecular Ecology, The Moshe Shilo Minerva Center for Marine Biogeochemistry, The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. Phone: 972 2 6585110. Fax: 972 2 6528008. E-mail: yehucoh{at}vms.huji.ac.il.

dagger Present address: Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.

Dagger Present address: Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcanii Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2000, p. 3269-3276, Vol. 66, No. 8
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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