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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2000, p. 3592-3602, Vol. 66, No. 8
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Community Structure, Cellular rRNA Content, and Activity of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Marine Arctic Sediments

Katrin Ravenschlag,1 Kerstin Sahm,1,* Christian Knoblauch,2 Bo B. Jørgensen,2 and Rudolf Amann1

Molecular Ecology Group1 and Department of Biogeochemistry,2 Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359 Bremen, Germany

Received 8 March 2000/Accepted 16 May 2000

The community structure of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) of a marine Arctic sediment (Smeerenburgfjorden, Svalbard) was characterized by both fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and rRNA slot blot hybridization by using group- and genus-specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes. The SRB community was dominated by members of the Desulfosarcina-Desulfococcus group. This group accounted for up to 73% of the SRB detected and up to 70% of the SRB rRNA detected. The predominance was shown to be a common feature for different stations along the coast of Svalbard. In a top-to-bottom approach we aimed to further resolve the composition of this large group of SRB by using probes for cultivated genera. While this approach failed, directed cloning of probe-targeted genes encoding 16S rRNA was successful and resulted in sequences which were all affiliated with the Desulfosarcina-Desulfococcus group. A group of clone sequences (group SVAL1) most closely related to Desulfosarcina variabilis (91.2% sequence similarity) was dominant and was shown to be most abundant in situ, accounting for up to 54.8% of the total SRB detected. A comparison of the two methods used for quantification showed that FISH and rRNA slot blot hybridization gave comparable results. Furthermore, a combination of the two methods allowed us to calculate specific cellular rRNA contents with respect to localization in the sediment profile. The rRNA contents of Desulfosarcina-Desulfococcus cells were highest in the first 5 mm of the sediment (0.9 and 1.4 fg, respectively) and decreased steeply with depth, indicating that maximal metabolic activity occurred close to the surface. Based on SRB cell numbers, cellular sulfate reduction rates were calculated. The rates were highest in the surface layer (0.14 fmol cell-1 day-1), decreased by a factor of 3 within the first 2 cm, and were relatively constant in deeper layers.

* Corresponding author. Present address: TU Hamburg-Harburg, Technical Microbiology, Denickestr. 15, 21071 Hamburg, Germany. Phone: 49-40-428783964. Fax: 49-40-428782909. E-mail: sahm{at}tu-harburg.de.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2000, p. 3592-3602, Vol. 66, No. 8
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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