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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2000, p. 3974-3980, Vol. 66, No. 9
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Dissolution of Xylose Metabolism in Lactococcus lactis

Karn A. Erlandson,dagger Joo-Heon Park, Wissam , El Khal,Dagger Hsin-Hsin Kao,§ Pervin Basaran,|| Susannah Brydges,# and Carl A. Batt*

Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853

Received 3 January 2000/Accepted 9 June 2000

Xylose metabolism, a variable phenotype in strains of Lactococcus lactis, was studied and evidence was obtained for the accumulation of mutations that inactivate the xyl operon. The xylose metabolism operon (xylRAB) was sequenced from three strains of lactococci. Fragments of 4.2, 4.2, and 5.4 kb that included the xyl locus were sequenced from L. lactis subsp. lactis B-4449 (formerly Lactobacillus xylosus), L. lactis subsp. lactis IO-1, and L. lactis subsp. lactis 210, respectively. The two environmental isolates, L. lactis B-4449 and L. lactis IO-1, produce active xylose isomerases and xylulokinases and can metabolize xylose. L. lactis 210, a dairy starter culture strain, has neither xylose isomerase nor xylulokinase activity and is Xyl-. Xylose isomerase and xylulokinase activities are induced by xylose and repressed by glucose in the two Xyl+ strains. Sequence comparisons revealed a number of point mutations in the xylA, xylB, and xylR genes in L. lactis 210, IO-1, and B-4449. None of these mutations, with the exception of a premature stop codon in xylB, are obviously lethal, since they lie outside of regions recognized as critical for activity. Nevertheless, either cumulatively or because of indirect affects on the structures of catalytic sites, these mutations render some strains of L. lactis unable to metabolize xylose.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Cornell University, Department of Food Science, 312 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853. Phone: (607) 255-2896. Fax: (607) 255-8741. E-mail: cab10{at}cornell.edu.

dagger Present address: Procter and Gamble Co., Cincinnati, Ohio.

Dagger Present address: Nestle S.A., Paris, France.

§ Present address: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.

|| Present address: Department of Food Science and Technology, Cornell University, Geneva, N.Y.

# Present address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2000, p. 3974-3980, Vol. 66, No. 9
0099-2240/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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