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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2001, p. 89-99, Vol. 67, No. 1
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.1.89-99.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Direct Cloning from Enrichment Cultures, a Reliable Strategy for Isolation of Complete Operons and Genes from Microbial Consortia

Plamena Entcheva,1 Wolfgang Liebl,1 Andre Johann,2 Thomas Hartsch,2 and Wolfgang R. Streit1,3,*

Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik der Universität Göttingen,1 Göttingen Genomics Laboratory,2 and CampusGen GmbH,3 D-37077 Göttingen, Germany

Received 2 May 2000/Accepted 25 September 2000

Enrichment cultures of microbial consortia enable the diverse metabolic and catabolic activities of these populations to be studied on a molecular level and to be explored as potential sources for biotechnology processes. We have used a combined approach of enrichment culture and direct cloning to construct cosmid libraries with large (>30-kb) inserts from microbial consortia. Enrichment cultures were inoculated with samples from five environments, and high amounts of avidin were added to the cultures to favor growth of biotin-producing microbes. DNA was extracted from three of these enrichment cultures and used to construct cosmid libraries; each library consisted of between 6,000 and 35,000 clones, with an average insert size of 30 to 40 kb. The inserts contained a diverse population of genomic DNA fragments isolated from the consortia organisms. These three libraries were used to complement the Escherichia coli biotin auxotrophic strain ATCC 33767 Delta (bio-uvrB). Initial screens resulted in the isolation of seven different complementing cosmid clones, carrying biotin biosynthesis operons. Biotin biosynthesis capabilities and growth under defined conditions of four of these clones were studied. Biotin measured in the different culture supernatants ranged from 42 to 3,800 pg/ml/optical density unit. Sequencing the identified biotin synthesis genes revealed high similarities to bio operons from gram-negative bacteria. In addition, random sequencing identified other interesting open reading frames, as well as two operons, the histidine utilization operon (hut), and the cluster of genes involved in biosynthesis of molybdopterin cofactors in bacteria (moaABCDE).

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Universität Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany. Phone: (49) 551-393775. Fax: (49) 551-393793. E-mail: wstreit{at}gwdg.de.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2001, p. 89-99, Vol. 67, No. 1
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.1.89-99.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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