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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2001, p. 4566-4572, Vol. 67, No. 10
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.10.4566-4572.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Growth and Phylogenetic Properties of Novel Bacteria Belonging to the Epsilon Subdivision of the Proteobacteria Enriched from Alvinella pompejana and Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents

Barbara J. Campbell,1 Christian Jeanthon,2 Joel E. Kostka,3 George W. Luther III,1 and S. Craig Cary1,*

College of Marine Studies, University of Delaware, Lewes, Delaware 199581; UMR6539, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29280 Plouzané, France2; and Department of Oceanography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 323063

Received 20 March 2001/Accepted 4 July 2001

Recent molecular characterizations of microbial communities from deep-sea hydrothermal sites indicate the predominance of bacteria belonging to the epsilon subdivision of Proteobacteria (epsilon Proteobacteria). Here, we report the first enrichments and characterizations of four epsilon Proteobacteria that are directly associated with Alvinella pompejana, a deep sea hydrothermal vent polychete, or with hydrothermal vent chimney samples. These novel bacteria were moderately thermophilic sulfur-reducing heterotrophs growing on formate as the energy and carbon source. In addition, two of them (Am-H and Ex-18.2) could grow on sulfur lithoautrotrophically using hydrogen as the electron donor. Optimal growth temperatures of the bacteria ranged from 41 to 45°C. Phylogenetic analysis of the small-subunit ribosomal gene of the two heterotrophic bacteria demonstrated 95% similarity to Sulfurospirillum arcachonense, an epsilon Proteobacteria isolated from an oxidized marine surface sediment. The autotrophic bacteria grouped within a deeply branching clade of the epsilon Proteobacteria, to date composed only of uncultured bacteria detected in a sample from a hydrothermal vent along the mid-Atlantic ridge. A molecular survey of various hydrothermal vent environments demonstrated the presence of two of these bacteria (Am-N and Am-H) in more than one geographic location and habitat. These results suggest that certain epsilon Proteobacteria likely fill important niches in the environmental habitats of deep-sea hydrothermal vents, where they contribute to overall carbon and sulfur cycling at moderate thermophilic temperatures.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: College of Marine Studies, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE 19958. Phone: (302) 645-4078. Fax: (302) 645-4007, E-mail: caryc{at}udel.edu.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2001, p. 4566-4572, Vol. 67, No. 10
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.10.4566-4572.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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