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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2001, p. 5049-5054, Vol. 67, No. 11
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.11.5049-5054.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Various Levels of Cross-Resistance to Bacillus sphaericus Strains in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) Colonies Resistant to B. sphaericus Strain 2362

Christina Nielsen-LeRoux,1,* D. Raghunatha Rao,2,dagger Jittawadee Rodcharoen Murphy,3,Dagger Alexandre Carron,4 T. R. Mani,2 Sylviane Hamon,1 and Mir S. Mulla3

Bactéries Entomopathogènes, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15,1 and E.I.D. Demoustication Mediterranee, 34030 Montpellier Cedex 1,4 France; Centre for Research in Medical Entomology, I.C.M.R., Chinna Chokkikulam, Madurai-625 002, India2; and Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-03143

Received 6 April 2001/Accepted 30 July 2001

We studied the cross-resistance to three highly toxic Bacillus sphaericus strains, IAB-59 (serotype H6), IAB-881 (serotype H3), and IAB-872 (serotype H48), of four colonies of the Culex pipiens complex resistant to B. sphaericus 2362 and 1593, both of which are serotype H5a5b strains. Two field-selected highly resistant colonies originating from India (KOCHI, 17,000-fold resistance) and France (SPHAE, 23,000-fold resistance) and a highly resistant laboratory-selected colony from California (GeoR, 36,000-fold resistance) showed strong cross-resistance to strains IAB-881 and IAB-872 but significantly weaker cross-resistance to IAB-59 (3- to 43-fold resistance). In contrast, a laboratory-selected California colony with low-level resistance (JRMM-R, 5-fold resistance) displayed similar levels of resistance (5- to 10-fold) to all of the B. sphaericus strains tested. Thus, among the mosquitocidal strains of B. sphaericus we identified a strain, IAB-59, which was toxic to several Culex colonies that were highly resistant to commercial strains 2362 and 1593. Our analysis also indicated that strain IAB-59 may possess other larvicidal factors. These results could have important implications for the development of resistance management strategies for area-wide mosquito control programs based on the use of B. sphaericus preparations.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Bactéries Entomopathogènes, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. Phone: 33-1-40 61 31 83. Fax: 33-1-40 61 30 44. E-mail: cnielsen{at}pasteur.fr.

dagger Present address: National Institute of Nutrition, Osmania, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-50007, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Dagger Present address: U.S. Army CHPPM-EUR, Landstuhl, Germany.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2001, p. 5049-5054, Vol. 67, No. 11
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.11.5049-5054.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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