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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2001, p. 5179-5189, Vol. 67, No. 11
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.11.5179-5189.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Signature Lipids and Stable Carbon Isotope Analyses of Octopus Spring Hyperthermophilic Communities Compared with Those of Aquificales Representatives

Linda L. Jahnke,1,* Wolfgang Eder,2 Robert Huber,2 Janet M. Hope,3 Kai-Uwe Hinrichs,4 John M. Hayes,4 David J. Des Marais,1 Sherry L. Cady,5 and Roger E. Summons3,dagger

Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 940351; Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie and Archaeenzentrum, Universität Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany2; Australian Geological Survey Organisation, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia3; Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 025434; and Department of Geology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 972015

Received 10 May 2001/Accepted 20 August 2001

The molecular and isotopic compositions of lipid biomarkers of cultured Aquificales genera have been used to study the community and trophic structure of the hyperthermophilic pink streamers and vent biofilm from Octopus Spring. Thermocrinis ruber, Thermocrinis sp. strain HI 11/12, Hydrogenobacter thermophilus TK-6, Aquifex pyrophilus, and Aquifex aeolicus all contained glycerol-ether phospholipids as well as acyl glycerides. The n-C20:1 and cy-C21 fatty acids dominated all of the Aquificales, while the alkyl glycerol ethers were mainly C18:0. These Aquificales biomarkers were major constituents of the lipid extracts of two Octopus Spring samples, a biofilm associated with the siliceous vent walls, and the well-known pink streamer community (PSC). Both the biofilm and the PSC contained mono- and dialkyl glycerol ethers in which C18 and C20 alkyl groups were prevalent. Phospholipid fatty acids included both the Aquificales n-C20:1 and cy-C21, plus a series of iso-branched fatty acids (i-C15:0 to i-C21:0), indicating an additional bacterial component. Biomass and lipids from the PSC were depleted in 13C relative to source water CO2 by 10.9 and 17.2per thousand , respectively. The C20-21 fatty acids of the PSC were less depleted than the iso-branched fatty acids, 18.4 and 22.6per thousand , respectively. The biomass of T. ruber grown on CO2 was depleted in 13C by only 3.3per thousand relative to C source. In contrast, biomass was depleted by 19.7per thousand when formate was the C source. Independent of carbon source, T. ruber lipids were heavier than biomass (+1.3per thousand ). The depletion in the C20-21 fatty acids from the PSC indicates that Thermocrinis biomass must be similarly depleted and too light to be explained by growth on CO2. Accordingly, Thermocrinis in the PSC is likely to have utilized formate, presumably generated in the spring source region.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: M/S 239-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035. Phone: (650) 604-3221. Fax: (650) 604-1088. E-mail: ljahnke{at}mail.arc.nasa.gov.

dagger Present address: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2001, p. 5179-5189, Vol. 67, No. 11
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.11.5179-5189.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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