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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2001, p. 5656-5667, Vol. 67, No. 12
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.12.5656-5667.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Percent G+C Profiling Accurately Reveals Diet-Related Differences in the Gastrointestinal Microbial Community of Broiler Chickens

Juha H. A. Apajalahti,1,* Anu Kettunen,1 Michael R. Bedford,2,dagger and William E. Holben3

Danisco Cultor Innovation, FIN-02460, Kantvik, Finland1; Finnfeeds, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 1XN, United Kingdom2; and Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812-10023

Received 1 June 2001/Accepted 2 October 2001

Broiler chickens from eight commercial farms in Southern Finland were analyzed for the structure of their gastrointestinal microbial community by a nonselective DNA-based method, percent G+C-based profiling. The bacteriological impact of the feed source and in-farm whole-wheat amendment of the diet was assessed by percent G+C profiling. Also, a phylogenetic 16S rRNA gene (rDNA)-based study was carried out to aid in interpretation of the percent G+C profiles. This survey showed that most of the 16S rDNA sequences found could not be assigned to any previously known bacterial genus or they represented an unknown species of one of the taxonomically heterogeneous genera, such as Ruminococcus or Clostridium. The data from bacterial community profiling were analyzed by t-test, multiple linear regression, and principal-component statistical approaches. The percent G+C profiling method with appropriate statistical analyses detected microbial community differences smaller than 10% within each 5% increment of the percent G+C profiles. Diet turned out to be the strongest determinant of the cecal bacterial community structure. Both the source of feed and local feed amendment changed the bacteriological profile significantly, whereas profiles of individual farms with identical feed regimens hardly differed from each other. This suggests that the management of typical Finnish farms is relatively uniform or that hygiene on the farm, in fact, has little impact on the structure of the cecal bacterial community. Therefore, feed compounders should have a significant role in the modulation of gut microflora and consequently in prevention of gastrointestinal disorders in farm animals.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address Danisco Cultor Innovation, Sokeritehtaantie 20, FIN-02460, Kantvik, Finland. Phone: 358-400-307257. Fax: 358-9-2982203. E-mail: juha.apajalahti{at}danisco.com.

dagger Present address: Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 1DH, United Kingdom.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2001, p. 5656-5667, Vol. 67, No. 12
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.12.5656-5667.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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