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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2001, p. 1097-1101, Vol. 67, No. 3
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.3.1097-1101.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Molecular Characterization of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Samples of Raw Surface Water and Wastewater

Lihua Xiao,1,* Ajaib Singh,2 Josef Limor,1 Thaddeus K. Graczyk,3 Steve Gradus,2 and Altaf Lal1

Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 303411; City of Milwaukee Public Health Laboratories, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 532022; and Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 212053

Received 7 September 2000/Accepted 14 December 2000

Recent molecular characterizations of Cryptosporidium parasites make it possible to differentiate the human-pathogenic Cryptosporidium parasites from those that do not infect humans and to track the source of Cryptosporidium oocyst contamination in the environment. In this study, we used a small-subunit rRNA-based PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique to detect and characterize Cryptosporidium oocysts in 55 samples of raw surface water collected from several areas in the United States and 49 samples of raw wastewater collected from Milwaukee, Wis. Cryptosporidium parasites were detected in 25 surface water samples and 12 raw wastewater samples. C. parvum human and bovine genotypes were the dominant Cryptosporidium parasites in the surface water samples from sites where there was potential contamination by humans and cattle, whereas C. andersoni was the most common parasite in wastewater. There may be geographic differences in the distribution of Cryptosporidium genotypes in surface water. The PCR-RFLP technique can be a useful alternative method for detection and differentiation of Cryptosporidium parasites in water.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341. Phone: (770) 488-4840. Fax: (770) 488-4454. E-mail: lax0{at}cdc.gov.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2001, p. 1097-1101, Vol. 67, No. 3
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.3.1097-1101.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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