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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2001, p. 1437-1444, Vol. 67, No. 4
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.4.1437-1444.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Chromosomal Locus for Cadmium Resistance in Pseudomonas putida Consisting of a Cadmium-Transporting ATPase and a MerR Family Response Regulator

Seon-Woo Lee,dagger Eric Glickmann,Dagger and Donald A. Cooksey*

Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0122

Received 10 October 2000/Accepted 9 January 2001

Pseudomonads from environmental sources vary widely in their sensitivity to cadmium, but the basis for this resistance is largely uncharactarized. A chromosomal fragment encoding cadmium resistance was cloned from Pseudomonas putida 06909, a rhizosphere bacterium, and sequence analysis revealed two divergently transcribed genes, cadA and cadR. CadA was similar to cadmium-transporting ATPases known mostly from gram-positive bacteria, and to ZntA, a lead-, zinc-, and cadmium-transporting ATPase from Escherichia coli. CadR was related to the MerR family of response regulators that normally control mercury detoxification in other bacterial systems. A related gene, zntR, regulates zntA in E. coli, but it is not contiguous with zntA in the E. coli genome as cadA and cadR were in P. putida. In addition, unlike ZntA and other CadA homologs, but similar to the predicted product of gene PA3690 in the P. aeruginosa genome, the P. putida CadA sequence had a histidine-rich N-terminal extension. CadR and the product of PA3689 of P. aeruginosa also had histidine-rich C-terminal extensions not found in other MerR family response regulators. Mutational analysis indicated that cadA and cadR are fully responsible for cadmium resistance and partially for zinc resistance. However, unlike zntA, they did not confer significant levels of lead resistance. The cadA promoter was responsive to Cd(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II), while the cadR promoter was only induced by Cd(II). CadR apparently represses its own expression at the transcriptional level. However, CadR apparently does not repress cadA. Homologs of the cadmium-transporting ATPase were detected in many other Pseudomonas species.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Plant Pathology-071, 237 Webber Hall, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0122. Phone: (909) 787-3516. Fax: (909) 787-4294. E-mail: Cooksey{at}citrus.ucr.edu.

dagger Present address: Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yusong, Taejon 305-600, Korea.

Dagger Present address: IPK (Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung), Molecular Plant Physiology group, Gatersleben, Germany.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2001, p. 1437-1444, Vol. 67, No. 4
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.4.1437-1444.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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