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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2001, p. 1922-1934, Vol. 67, No. 4
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.4.1922-1934.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Comparative Analysis of Methane-Oxidizing Archaea
and Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Anoxic Marine Sediments
V. J.
Orphan,1,*
K.-U.
Hinrichs,2
W.
Ussler III,1
C. K.
Paull,1
L. T.
Taylor,1
S. P.
Sylva,2
J. M.
Hayes,2 and
E. F.
Delong1,*
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute,
Moss Landing, California 95039,1 and
Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
025432
Received 10 October 2000/Accepted 2 February 2001
The oxidation of methane in anoxic marine sediments is thought to
be mediated by a consortium of methane-consuming archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria. In this study, we compared results of
rRNA gene (rDNA) surveys and lipid analyses of archaea and bacteria associated with methane seep sediments from several different sites on the Californian continental margin. Two distinct archaeal lineages (ANME-1 and ANME-2), peripherally related to the order Methanosarcinales, were consistently associated with
methane seep marine sediments. The same sediments contained abundant
13C-depleted archaeal lipids, indicating that one or both
of these archaeal groups are members of anaerobic methane-oxidizing
consortia. 13C-depleted lipids and the signature 16S
rDNAs for these archaeal groups were absent in nearby control
sediments. Concurrent surveys of bacterial rDNAs revealed a
predominance of
-proteobacteria, in particular, close relatives of
Desulfosarcina variabilis. Biomarker analyses of the same
sediments showed bacterial fatty acids with strong 13C
depletion that are likely products of these sulfate-reducing bacteria.
Consistent with these observations, whole-cell fluorescent in situ
hybridization revealed aggregations of ANME-2 archaea and
sulfate-reducing Desulfosarcina and
Desulfococcus species. Additionally, the presence of
abundant 13C-depleted ether lipids, presumed to be of
bacterial origin but unrelated to ether lipids of members of the order
Desulfosarcinales, suggests the participation of additional
bacterial groups in the methane-oxidizing process. Although the
Desulfosarcinales and ANME-2 consortia appear to
participate in the anaerobic oxidation of methane in marine sediments,
our data suggest that other bacteria and archaea are also involved in
methane oxidation in these environments.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address for V. J. Orphan and E. F. Delong: Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute,
7700 Sandholdt Rd., P.O. Box 628, Moss Landing, CA 95039. Phone, fax,
and e-mail for V. J. Orphan: (831) 775-1833, (831) 775-1645, and
orphan{at}mbari.org, respectively. Phone, fax, and e-mail for
E. F. Delong: (831) 775-1843, (831) 775-1645, and
delong{at}mbari.org, respectively.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2001, p. 1922-1934, Vol. 67, No. 4
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.4.1922-1934.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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