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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2001, p. 2336-2344, Vol. 67, No. 5
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.5.2336-2344.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Natural Communities of Novel Archaea and Bacteria Growing in Cold Sulfurous Springs with a String-of-Pearls-Like Morphology

Christian Rudolph,1 Gerhard Wanner,2 and Robert Huber1,*

Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie und Archaeenzentrum, Universität Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg,1 and Botanisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-80638 Munich,2 Germany

Received 13 November 2000/Accepted 9 February 2001

We report the identification of novel archaea living in close association with bacteria in the cold (approximately 10°C) sulfurous marsh water of the Sippenauer Moor near Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany. These microorganisms form a characteristic, macroscopically visible structure, morphologically comparable to a string of pearls. Tiny, whitish globules (the pearls; diameter, about 0.5 to 3.0 mm) are connected to each other by thin, white-colored threads. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) studies have revealed that the outer part of the pearls is mainly composed of bacteria, with a filamentous bacterium predominating. Internally, archaeal cocci are the predominant microorganisms, with up to 107 cells estimated to be present in a single pearl. The archaea appear to be embedded in a polymer of unknown chemical composition. According to FISH and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the archaea are affiliated with the euryarchaeal kingdom. The new euryarchaeal sequence represents a deep phylogenetic branch within the 16S rRNA tree and does not show extensive similarity to any cultivated archaea or to 16S rRNA gene sequences from environmental samples.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie und Archaeenzentrum, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. Phone: 49 (941) 943-3182. Fax: 49 (941) 943-2403. E-mail: robert.huber{at}biologie.uni-regensburg.de.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2001, p. 2336-2344, Vol. 67, No. 5
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.5.2336-2344.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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