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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2001, p. 2958-2965, Vol. 67, No. 7
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.7.2958-2965.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Detection of Differential Gene Expression in Biofilm-Forming versus Planktonic Populations of Staphylococcus aureus Using Micro-Representational-Difference Analysis

Petra Becker,1,* Wendy Hufnagle,2 Georg Peters,1 and Mathias Herrmann1

Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany,1 and PathoGenesis Corporation, Seattle, Washington2

Received 22 January 2001/Accepted 24 April 2001

Microbial proliferation and biofilm formation on biologic or inert substrates are characteristics of invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections and is associated with phenotypic alterations such as reduced antimicrobial susceptibility. To identify genes which are typically expressed in biofilms, a micro-representational-difference analysis (micro-RDA) was adapted for gram-positive bacteria and used with cDNA derived from populations of S. aureus DSM 20231 growing in a biofilm or plankonically. In comparison to previously described cDNA RDA protocols, micro-RDA has the advantages that only minimal quantities of total RNA are needed and, most importantly, that total RNA can be used since the large amount of rRNA in total RNA does not interfere with the micro-RDA procedure. Using a series of spiked controls with various amounts of MS2 RNA in a background of total RNA from S. aureus, the equivalent of five copies of MS2 per cell were detectable after three rounds of subtractive enrichment. Five genes were identified as being differentially expressed in biofilm versus planktonic cultures. These genes revealed homology to a threonyl-tRNA synthetase, a phosphoglycerate mutase, a triosephosphate isomerase, an alcohol dehydrogenase I, and a ClpC ATPase. Differential levels of expression were subsequently confirmed by standard Northern blotting. In conclusion, micro-RDA is a sensitive and specific method to detect transcripts differentially expressed as a function of different S. aureus growth conditions.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Domagkstr. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany. Phone: 49 2518355345. Fax: 49 2518355350. E-mail: beckepe{at}uni-muenster.de.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2001, p. 2958-2965, Vol. 67, No. 7
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.7.2958-2965.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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