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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2001, p. 3077-3085, Vol. 67, No. 7
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.7.3077-3085.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Microbial Diversity of the Brine-Seawater Interface of the Kebrit Deep, Red Sea, Studied via 16S rRNA Gene Sequences and Cultivation Methods

Wolfgang Eder,1,* Linda L. Jahnke,2 Mark Schmidt,3 and Robert Huber1

Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie und Archaeenzentrum, Universität Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg,1 and Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Kiel, D-24098 Kiel,3 Germany, and Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 940352

Received 12 February 2001/Accepted 17 April 2001

The brine-seawater interface of the Kebrit Deep, northern Red Sea, was investigated for the presence of microorganisms using phylogenetic analysis combined with cultivation methods. Under strictly anaerobic culture conditions, novel halophiles were isolated. The new rod-shaped isolates belong to the halophilic genus Halanaerobium and are the first representatives of the genus obtained from deep-sea, anaerobic brine pools. Within the genus Halanaerobium, they represent new species which grow chemoorganotrophically at NaCl concentrations ranging from 5 to 34%. The cellular fatty acid compositions are consistent with those of other Halanaerobium representatives, showing unusually large amounts of Delta 7 and Delta 11 16:1 fatty acids. Phylogenetic analysis of the brine-seawater interface sample revealed the presence of various bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences dominated by cultivated members of the bacterial domain, with the majority affiliated with the genus Halanaerobium. The new Halanaerobium 16S rRNA clone sequences showed the highest similarity (99.9%) to the sequence of isolate KT-8-13 from the Kebrit Deep brine. In this initial survey, our polyphasic approach demonstrates that novel halophiles thrive in the anaerobic, deep-sea brine pool of the Kebrit Deep, Red Sea. They may contribute significantly to the anaerobic degradation of organic matter enriched at the brine-seawater interface.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. Phone: 0941/943-3180. Fax: 0941/943-2403. E-mail: wolfgang.eder{at}biologie.uni-regensburg.de.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2001, p. 3077-3085, Vol. 67, No. 7
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.7.3077-3085.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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