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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2001, p. 3086-3091, Vol. 67, No. 7
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.7.3086-3091.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Surface Binding of Aflatoxin B₁ by Lactic Acid Bacteria

Carolyn A. Haskard,^1,* Hani S. El-Nezami,^1, Pasi E. Kankaanpää,^1, Seppo Salminen,² and Jorma T. Ahokas¹

Key Centre for Applied and Nutritional Toxicology, School of Medical Sciences, RMIT-University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia,¹ and Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, 20014-University of Turku, Turku, Finland²

Received 14 November 2000/Accepted 25 April 2001

Specific lactic acid bacterial strains remove toxins from liquid media by physical binding. The stability of the aflatoxin B₁ complexes formed with 12 bacterial strains in both viable and nonviable (heat- or acid-treated) forms was assessed by repetitive aqueous extraction. By the fifth extraction, up to 71% of the total aflatoxin B₁ remained bound. Nonviable bacteria retained the highest amount of aflatoxin B₁. Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (ATCC 53103) and L. rhamnosus strain LC-705 (DSM 7061) removed aflatoxin B₁ from solution most efficiently and were selected for further study. The accessibility of bound aflatoxin B₁ to an antibody in an indirect competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay suggests that surface components of these bacteria are involved in binding. Further evidence is the recovery of around 90% of the bound aflatoxin from the bacteria by solvent extraction. Autoclaving and sonication did not release any detectable aflatoxin B₁. Variation in temperature (4 to 37°C) and pH (2 to 10) did not have any significant effect on the amount of aflatoxin B₁ released. Binding of aflatoxin B₁ appears to be predominantly extracellular for viable and heat-treated bacteria. Acid treatment may permit intracellular binding. In all cases, binding is of a reversible nature, but the stability of the complexes formed depends on strain, treatment, and environmental conditions.

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^* Corresponding author. Present address: Australian Water Quality Centre, Private Mail Bag 3, Salisbury, South Australia 5108, Australia Phone: 61-8-8259 0312. Fax: 61-8-8259 0228. E-mail: carolyn.haskard{at}sawater.sa.gov.au.

Present address: Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, 70211-Kuopio, Finland.

Present address: Perkin Elmer Life Sciences, Wallac Oy, PL 10, 20101 Turku, Finland.

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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2001, p. 3086-3091, Vol. 67, No. 7
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.7.3086-3091.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

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