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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2001, p. 3426-3433, Vol. 67, No. 8
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.8.3426-3433.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Influence of Effluent Irrigation on Community Composition and Function of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria in Soil

Tamar Oved,1,2 Avi Shaviv,2 Tal Goldrath,2 Raphi T. Mandelbaum,1 and Dror Minz1,*

Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Research Center, Bet-Dagan 50-250,1 and Water-Soil-Environment, Agricultural Engineering, Technion Institute, Haifa 32-000,2 Israel

Received 8 January 2001/Accepted 30 May 2001

The effect of effluent irrigation on community composition and function of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in soil was evaluated, using techniques of molecular biology and analytical soil chemistry. Analyses were conducted on soil sampled from lysimeters and from a grapefruit orchard which had been irrigated with wastewater effluent or fertilizer-amended water (FAW). Specifically, comparisons of AOB community composition were conducted using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified fragments of the gene encoding the alpha -subunit of the ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) recovered from soil samples and subsequent sequencing of relevant bands. A significant and consistent shift in the population composition of AOB was detected in soil irrigated with effluent. This shift was absent in soils irrigated with FAW, despite the fact that the ammonium concentration in the FAW was similar. At the end of the irrigation period, Nitrosospira-like populations were dominant in soils irrigated with FAW, while Nitrosomonas-like populations were dominant in effluent-irrigated soils. Furthermore, DGGE analysis of the amoA gene proved to be a powerful tool in evaluating the soil AOB community population and population shifts therein.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Research Center, P.O. Box 06, Bet-Dagan 50-250, Israel. Phone: 972-3-9683316. Fax: 972-3-9604017. E-mail: minz{at}volcani.agri.gov.il.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2001, p. 3426-3433, Vol. 67, No. 8
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.8.3426-3433.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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Copyright © 2001 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.